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Home > Karelian Isthmus

The Karelian Isthmus is the narrow stretch of land between the Gulf of Finland and Lake Ladoga in northwestern Russia. The city of Vyborg and the town of Priozersk are situated on the northwestern end of the isthmus. In the southeast it reaches to Saint Petersburg. Since World War II, when the fronts moved back and forth over the isthmus, it belongs to the Leningrad Oblast of Russia.

In the first millennium, Finnic people wandered to Karelian Isthmus.

In 11th century, Sweden and Novgorod started to compete tax holding rights. Sweden gained them in area near Viipuri and Novgorod in other parts of isthmus.

During 17th century Sweden gained whole isthmus and also Ignria . In this time many Karelians escaped to Tver's Karelia.

From 1721- 1812Events January 1 the Allgemeines Burgerliches Gesetzbuch, the Austrian civil code enters into force in the Austrian Empire February 2 Russia establishes a fur trading colony at Fort Ross, California February 7 The strongest in a series of massive earthqua the isthmus belonged to the Russian Empire, won in the Great Northern WarNot to be confused with the Northern Wars ( 1655 1661 1700 by Gustaf Cederstrom, painted 1910, shows a battle of the Great Northern War . The Great Northern War was the war fought between a coalition of Russia, Denmark- Norway and Saxony- Poland (from 171 that started with the Russian conquest of Ingria where the new imperial capitalThis article concerns places that serve as centers of government and politics. For alternative meanings see capital (disambiguation In politics a capital (also called capital city or political capital — although the latter phrase has an alternative meanin, Saint Petersburg, was founded ( 1703Events February 2 Earthquake in Aquila, Italy February 4 In Japan the 47 samurai commit seppuku (ritual suicide) February 14 Earthquake in Norcia, Italy May 27 Founding of St Petersburg May 26 Portugal joins Great Alliance July 29- 31 Daniel Defoe is plac) in the southern end of the isthmus, in place of old Swedish town Nyenskans. Then in 1812, the northwestern half was transferred, as a part of Old FinlandOld Finland Vanha Suomi in Finnish) is a name used for the areas that Sweden lost to Russia in the Great Northern War and in the Hats' Russian War. Old Finland was joined to the autonomous Grand Duchy of Finland in 1812. In the Peace Treaty in 1721, that, to the semi-autonomous Grand Duchy of FinlandSuomen TasavaltaRepubliken Finland ( In Detail) ( In Detail) National motto: None Official languages Finnish and Swedish Capital Helsinki President Tarja Halonen Prime minister Matti Vanhanen Area Total % water Ranked 64th 337,030 km² 9. 4% Population Tot, created in 1809 and in a personal union with Russia.

Due to the rich soil, rich fishing waters and the proximity to Saint Petersburg, the Karelian Isthmus became the wealthiest part of Finland once the industrial revolution had gained momentum in the 19th century. When Finland declared its independence in 1917, the isthmus remained Finnish.

In November 1939, the Soviet Union invaded Finland in what became known as the Winter War. Soviet forces were able to penetrate the well-defended Mannerheim Line across the isthmus in early 1940. Finland ceded the Karelian isthmus to the Soviet Union in the Peace of Moscow.

One year later, in 1941, Germany invaded the Soviet Union in Operation Barbarossa which led to the Great Patriotic War for the Russians and the Continuation War for the Finns. Finland initially regained the lost territory ( co-belligerent with Nazi Germany), reaching the Russian side of the border of 1939 and seen by the Russians as indirectly contributing to the Siege of Leningrad.

On 9 June, 1944, strong Soviet forces opened a counter-offensive and pushed the front from Leningrad to Vyborg in ten days. In the Battle of Tali-Ihantala, 25 June– 9 July, the Finns concentrated their military strength and brought the offensive to a halt at the River Vuoksi, in the northwesternmost part of the isthmus, at the closest point only 40 kilometers from the border of 1940, that again was recognized by Finland in the Peace of Paris, 1947. Since then the isthmus has belonged to the Leningrad Oblast and been inhabited by Russian people.

After the wars most of the old Finnish names were renamed to Russian ones.

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Karelian IsthmusSee Karelia (disambiguation) for other meanings of the name Karelia . The Karelian Isthmus is the narrow stretch of land between the Gulf of Finland and Lake Ladoga in northwestern Russia. The city of Vyborg and the town of Priozersk are situated on the n Karelian languageThe Karelian language is a variety closely related to Finnish. It belongs to the Finno-Ugric languages, and is chiefly distinguished from standard Finnish by the lack of influence from modern 19th and 20th century Finnish. The Karelian language does not h KareliansThe Karelians are a Finno-Ugric people, today inhabiting the Russian Republic of Karelia and eastern Finland. During the 20th century many Karelians have been forced to leave Karelia, their descendants now being integrated in the West aswell as in remote Karelian pastiesKarelian pasties Karjalanpiirakat in Finnish) are traditional pasties from North Karelia, Finland. Today they are eaten throughout Finland. According to the traditional recipe the pasties are made from a thin rye crust with a filling of rice. Butter is sp