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Allegedly Kassel is identical to the ancient Castellum Cattorum, the castle of the Catti, a German tribe, which was the source of the present name.
Kassel is first mentioned in 913 as the place where two deeds had been signed by king Conrad of Franconia. The place was called Chasella and was a fortification at a bridge crossing the Fulda River. A deed from the year 1189 certifies that Kassel had city rights. The exact date of their grant is not known.
In 1567 the state of Hesse ceased to exist, and Hesse-KasselHesse-Kassel Hessen-Kassel was a German principality that came into existence when the Landgraviate of Hesse was divided in 1568 upon the death of Landgrave Philip of Hesse and his eldest son Wilhelm IV inherited the northern portion and established his c was one of its successor states. Kassel was the capital and became a centre of ProtestantismProtestantism in the strict sense of the word is the group of princes and imperial cities who, at the diet of Speyer in 1529, tried a protestation against the Edict of Worms which forbade the Lutheran teachings within the Holy Roman Empire. From there, th in Germany. Strong fortifications were built in order to protect the Protestant stronghold from Catholic invaders. In 1685Events February 6 James Stuart, Duke of York becomes King James II of England and Ireland and King James VII of Scotland. February 18 Fort St. Louis is established by a Frenchman at Matagorda Bay thus forming the basis for France's claim to Texas. June 20 Kassel became a refuge for 1700 HuguenotIn the 16th and 17th centuries, the name of Huguenots came to apply to members of the Protestant Reformed Church of France. Origin of the Name Originally a term of derision, the origin remains uncertain. It may have derived from the personal name of Besans who found shelter in the newly established borough of Oberneustadt. Landgrave Charles of Hesse-Kassel who was responsible for the humanitarian act, also ordered the erection of the Oktogon and the construction of the Orangerie (see sights).
In the beginning 19th century the Brothers GrimmThe Brothers Grimm Gebruder Grimm are Jakob and Wilhelm Grimm. The collection of children's tales The Brothers Grimm are well known for publishing collections of German fairy tales, as Kinder- und Hausmarchen ("Children's and Household Tales"), in 1812, w lived in Kassel and wrote their fairy tales. In this time (1803) the landgravate Hesse-Kassel was elevated to an electorate, but shortly after it was annexed by NapoleonFor other meanings, see Napoleon (disambiguation . Napoleon Bonaparte ( 15 August 1769 5 May 1821) was a general and ruler of France. General of the French Revolution, he was the effective ruler of France starting in 1799: First Consul Premier Consul of t. In 1807Events February Napoleon attacks Russia February 8 Battle of Eylau Napoleon defeats Russians under General Benigssen February 19 In Alabama, Former Vice President of the United States Aaron Burr is arrested for treason. March 2 The United States Congress Kassel became the capital of the short-lived kingdom of WestphaliaWestphalia (in German, Westfalen is a (historic) region in Germany, centred on the cities of Dortmund, Munster, Bielefeld, and Osnabruck and now included in the Bundesland of North Rhine-Westphalia (and the (south-)west of Lower Saxony). Westphalia is rou but in 1813 the electorate was restored.
The electorate was annexed by Prussia in 1866. The Prussian administration united Nassau, Frankfurt and Hesse-Kassel in order to form the new province of Hesse-Nassau. Kassel ceased to be a residential city, but the Prussian lordship was the outset of industrialisation in the city.
In 1870 after the Battle of Sedan Napoleon III was sent as a prisoner to the castle of Wilhelmshöhe above the city.
During World War II, on the night of October 22/23, 1943, 569 British bombers raises Kassel (see: Bombing of Kassel in World War II), destroying 90% of the city centre: some 10,000 people died in the raid, causing a firestorm comparable to the one which occurred in Hamburg in July 1943. By far most of the casualties were civilians or wounded whereas Kassel's heavy weapon industrial complexes survived the attack mostly unharmed. The attack on the city, once being famous for its old-town, was covered by a feint attack on Frankfurt am Main, commencing five minutes before the raid on Kassel. The attack included one of the most accurate target markings since the Hamburg firestorm raid. The marking was first exceeded during the devastating raid on Darmstadt in late 1944. On the night of the Kassel firestorm raid RAF Bomber Command introduced Operation Corona to confuse the German nightfighters, making the raid a complete success, and leaving the city literally destroyed, rendering 150,000 people homeless. After the war most of the ancient buildings were not restored, and large parts of the city centre was completely rebuilt with in the style of the 1950s. Historical buildings such as the Museum Fridericianum however where restored.
There is a famous legend among Kassel citizens claiming that the city was close to becoming the provisional capital of the Federal Republic of Germany in 1949. It is true that the interim parliament ("Parlamentarischer Rat") decided about the location of the new capital since Berlin was at this time under a special administrative state controlled directly by the allies and surrounded by the Russian zone of occupation. So many cities were proposed to host the federal government, but Kassel was kicked out in the first round. Most of the members (as well as the U.S. Supreme Command) favoured Frankfurt am Main where the Hessian administration had already started the construction of a plenary assembly hall . In the end Bonn won after later Chancellor Adenauer intervened emphatically for Bonn which was only fifteen kilometers away from his hometown.
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