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Recalling the peculiarity of a matrilineal succession which governed Pictish crowns, it is evident that Kenneth Mac Alpin grounded his claims to the Pictish crown from his mother's bloodlines. In 839, the Picts suffered a disastrous defeat at the hands of the Vikings. The Norsemen had conquered and settled Shetland, the Outer Hebrides and as far south as the mouth of the Clyde. Caithness, SutherlandThis article is about the Scottish county of Sutherland. See also Sutherland, New South Wales for the Sydney suburb or Sutherland Shire for the Sydney local government area. Sutherland was also a town in Saskatchewan, Canada that was annexed by Saskatoon and even Dalriada were being attacked and harassed by the long boats. The brutalizing defeat at the hands of the Vikings in 839 killed most of the Pictish nobility, including the King of Picts and Scots Uven Mac Angus II, his brother Bran, and "numberless others". This opened Mac Alpin's claim to the vacant Pictish throne (via his mother who was a Pictish princess). The Pictish kingdoms had been severely weakened by attacks from the Vikings and were in no condition to dispute his claim.
His claim to the crown of Dalriada came from his father, who was a member of clan Gabhran , which had produced most Scottish kings, such as his ancestors King Eachaidh , King Alpin Mac Eachaidh, King AedAed of Dalriada, also known as Aed Find the White Aed was king of Dalriada. He reigned from about 739- 778. Preceded by: Eogan List of Kings of Dalriada Succeeded by: Fergus II Post-Roman Scotland., and King Fergus . His Pictish mother was descended from the royal house of Fortrenn , and his great-grand uncle, Alpin Mac Eachaidh had actually reigned as King of Picts until deposed by Oengus I . It is thus that Kenneth Mac Alpin was one of several nobles with a claim to the crown of Picts and Scots.
The sources for facts of how Kenneth Mac Alpin, the avenging son of the slain Alpin, became King of Picts and Scots are few and suspect. Two such sources, The Prophecy of St. Berchan , and De Instructione Principus note that in 841Events June 25: Battle of Fontenay Louis the German and Charles the Bald defeat Lothair. Births Deaths 841. Mac Alpin attacked the remnants of the Pictish army and defeated them (he is lauded as "the raven feeder"). Mac Alpin then invites the Pictish king, Drust IX , and the remaining Pictish nobles to Scone, PerthshireScone is a large village, a mile north of Perth, Scotland. The village was moved from its original position next to Scone Palace, ancient crowning place of the kings of Scotland, a mile east of where it stands now. The Stone of Scone gets its name from th to perhaps settle the issue of Dalriada's freedom or MacAlpin's claim to the Dalriadic crown. Faced with a recently victorious MacAlpin in the south and a devastated army in the north, Drust, as well as all claimants to the Pictish throne from the seven royal houses attend this meeting at Scone. Legend has it that the Scots came secretly armed to Scone, where Drust and the Pictish nobles were killed. This event has come to be known as MacAlpin's TreasonMacAlpin's Treason as it is now called, was a murder of the nobles of the Pictish realm of ancient Scotland. Kenneth mac Alpin's Pictish mother was descended from the royal house of Fortrenn, and his great-grand uncle, Alpin Mac Eachaidh, had actually rei.
Although their king and royal houses had been murdered and their armies wiped out in the north by the Vikings and decimated in the south by the Scots, the Picts nonetheless resist Scottish domination and as late as the 12th year of MacAlpin's reign The Chronicle of Huntington tells us that Mac Alpin "fought successfully against the Picts seven times in one day" (perhaps wiping out the last remnants of an independent Pictish armed force).
By the year 843, he had created a semblance of unity among the warring societies of the Picts, Scots, BritonThe term Briton may have the following meanings: in a historical context: an inhabitant of Great Britain in pre- Roman times a descendant of Britons during a later period (e. Britons in Roman Britain) in a modern context, a resident of the United Kingdoms, and Angles after he had defeated the Picts in battle. MacAlpin created his capital at Forteviot , also called Scone, in Pictish territory. He then moved his religious center to Dunkeld on the River Tay in present-day Perthshire, to where he transferred the remains of St. Columba from the Isle of Iona.
At roughly the same time that the people of Wales were separated from the invading Saxons by the artificial boundary of Offa's Dyke, MacAlpin was creating a kingdom of Scotland. MacAlpin's successes in part were due to the threat coming from the raids of the Vikings, many of whom became settlers. The seizure of control over all Norway in 872 by Harald Fairhair caused many of the previously independent Jarls to look for new lands to establish themselves.
One result of the coming of the Norsemen and Danes, with their command of the sea, was that the kingdom of Scotland became surrounded and isolated. The old link with Ireland was broken, the country was now cut off from southern England and the Continent, thus, the kingdom of Alba established by MacAlpin was thrown in upon itself and united against a common foe. According to the Huntingdon Chronicle , he "was the first of the Scots to obtain the monarchy of the whole of Albania, which is now called Scotia."
Kenneth is thought to have died of a tumor after reigning for sixteen years. He died at Forteviot in 858 and was buried on the Isle of Iona. His brother, Donald I, succeeded him, as was the custom.
Throughout this whole period, the dominion of the Scottish kings was essentially limited to Fortrenn, the Mearns and Dalriada, as the rest of the Pictish lands were under the yoke of the Vikings. Nonetheless, within a few generations, the Pictish language is forgotten, the Pictish Church taken over by the Scottish Columban Church and most vestiges of Pictish culture assimilated.
Furthermore, the seat of Kings is eventually moved to Scone, sacred heart of the Pictish land, and the sons of Mac Alpin accept the crown over the land of Picts and Scots seated on a slab of stone which Scottish myth tells us was carried by the Celtic tribes since their origins in Spain, brought to Tara in Ireland, built into the wall of Dunstaffnage Castle and then brought to Scone.
| Preceded by: — | King of Scots | Succeeded by: Donald I |
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