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| Antarctic Krill
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| Euphausia superba Dana, 1850 |
Krill is the Norwegian word for whale food. It is also used as synonym for euphausiids, which are shrimp-like marine invertebrates, important organisms of the plankton ( zooplankton).
In the literal sense krill is used as common nameIn science, a common name is any name by which a species or other concept is known that is not the official scientific name. Biological common names In biology, a common name of a species is any name other than its scientific name, i. in binomial nomencla for the most spectacular species: the Antarctic Krill (Euphausia superba) of the AntarcticAntarctica (from Greek nu;ταρκτικ&sigmaf opposed to the arctic) is a continent surrounding the Earth's South Pole. It is the coldest place on earth and is almost entirely covered by ice. It is not to be confused with the waters in the Southern OceanThe Southern Ocean is the body of water encircling the continent of Antarctica. It is the world's fourth-largest body of water, and the latest to be defined as an Ocean, having been accepted by a decision of the International Hydrographic Organization in. It is an euphausiid ( Arthropoda / Crustacea / Malacostraca / Euphausiacea ) [1]. Krill live in large schools ( swarmsThis article is about swarms in biology. For other uses of the term, see Swarm (disambiguation). The term swarm schooling or swarming is applied to fish, birds and insects and describes a behavior of an aggregation ( school) of animals of similar size and) and convert the primary productionPhytoplankton(image ) Primary production is the production of organic molecules from inorganic materials through photosynthesis or chemosynthesis. It is the creation of biomass by certain living systems (notably plants) that is the basis of the food chain directly into a relatively large animal [2][3]: they grow to a length of 6 cm, weigh 2 grammes, and live probably for 6 years.
Krill is the keystone species of the ecosystem of Antarctica, and is an important food organism for whales, seals, Leopard Seals, fur seals, Crabeater Seals, squid, icefish, penguins, albatrosses and many other birds. Their biomass is estimated to be between 100 and 800 million tonnes, making E. superba probably the most successful animal on the planet; for comparison, the total non-krill yield from all world fisheries is about 100 million tonnes per year. The fishery of krill is on the order of 90,000 tonnes per year.
The gut of E. superba can often be seen shining in green through its transparent skin, an indication that this species feeds predominantly on phytoplankton, e.g. diatoms, which it filters from the water with a "feeding basket" [4]. Antarctic krill can also scrape algae from the undersurface of the pack ice [5] and prey on copepods. Krill is also called light-shrimp because it can produce a yellow green light with light-organs at the eyes and base of the swimming legs ( bioluminescence).
This species is often misspelled Euphasia superba [6] or Eupausia superba [7].
In the North Atlantic, Meganyctiphanes norvegica and in the Pacific, Euphausia pacifica are important krill species.
Detail of the filter formed by the thoracopods. Like a comb long setae stretch forwards to cover over the gap between the thoracopods.
The first degree filter setae carry in v-form two rows of second degree setae, pointing towards the inside of the feeding basket ( electron microscope image). To display the total area of this fascinating structure one would have to tile 7500 times this image.
Into these gaps are then third degree setae reach half the distance. In some parts of the net the openings are only 1 micrometer wide ( electron microscope image).
In the spring krill can scrape off the green lawn of ice algae from the underside of the pack ice in Antarctica. In this image, taken by an ROV, most krill swim in an upside down position directly under the ice. Only one animal (in the middle) is hovering in the open water.
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