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The Kushan Empire (c. 1st century AD- 3rd century) was a state that at its height, about 150 - 250, stretched from Tajikistan to the Caspian Sea to Afghanistan and down into the Ganges river valley. The empire was created by Tocharians from modern Xinjiang, China. They had diplomatic contacts with Rome, Sassanian Persia and China, and for several centuries were at the center of exchange between the East and the West.
The name Kushan derives from the Chinese term, traditionally transliterated Guishang, that described a branch of the YuezhiYuezhi ( Chinese ; Wade-Giles: Yueh-Chih) is the Chinese name for an ancient Central Asian people. They are believed to have been the same as or closely related to the Tocharians, who spoke an Indo-European language called Tocharian. They were settled in: a loose confederation of Indo-EuropeanIndo-European is originally a linguistic term, referring to the Indo-European language family. By extension, it became a collective name for cultures and religions associated with these languages. Hypothetically, these cultures arose from the expansion of peoples speaking versions of the TocharianTocharian is one of the most obscure branches of the Indo-European language group. The two languages Tocharian A (Turfanian or East Tocharian) and Tocharian B (Kuchean or West Tocharian) that made up this group have both been long extinct. The languages t language. They were the easternmost Indo-Europeans, who had been living in the arid grasslands of the Tarim BasinThe Tarim Basin is the largest basin in the world, lying between several mountain ranges in the Xinjiang Autonomous Region (also known as East Turkistan) in China's far west. Much of the basin in dominated by the Taklamakan Desert. The area is sparsely se in modern-day Xinjiang, until they were driven west by the XiongnuXiongnu (; meaning Xiong's slaves Xiong being a Chinese transliteration of a national name but also meaning 'savage/raucous/ferocious', however some argued that the two words are both transliteration, in this case the sense of "slaves" does not exist) was in 176Centuries: 3rd century BC 2nd century BC 1st century BC Decades: 220s BC 210s BC 200s BC 190s BC 180s BC 170s BC 150s BC 140s BC 130s BC 120s BC 110s BC Years: 181 BC 180 BC 179 BC 178 BC 177 BC 176 BC 175 BC 174 BC 173 BC 172 BC 171 BC Birth Death Cleopa- 160 BCCenturies: 3rd century BC 2nd century BC 1st century BC Decades: 210s BC 200s BC 190s BC 180s BC 170s BC 160s BC 150s BC 140s BC 130s BC 120s BC 110s BC Years: 165 BC 164 BC 163 BC 162 BC 161 BC 160 BC 159 BC 158 BC 157 BC 156 BC 155 BC Events Berik succe.
The Yuezhi reached the Hellenic kingdom of Greco-Bactria, in the Bactrian territory (northernmost Afghanistan and Uzbekistan) around 135 BC, and displaced the Greek dynasties there, who resettled in India in the western part of the Indo-Greek Kingdom.
Silver tetradrachm of Kushan king Heraios (AD 1- 30) in Greco-Bactrian style, with horseman crowned by the Greek goddess of victory Nike.
In the following century, charismatic leaders welded the group into a tight confederation. Gradually wresting control of the area from the Scythian tribes, the Yuezhi expanded south into the region traditionally known as Gandhara (the Pathan areas now shared between Pakistan and Afghanistan) and established a capital near present-day Kabul.
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