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Usually, the difference in latitude largely affects the climate and/or weather of regions.
Other latitudes of particular importance are the Tropic of Cancer (latitude 23°27′ north), the Tropic of Capricorn (latitude 23°27′ south), the Arctic Circle (latitude 66°33′ north), and the Antarctic Circle (latitude 66°33′ south). Only at latitudes between the Tropics is it possible for the sun to be at the zenith. Only north of the Arctic Circle or south of the Antarctic Circle is the midnight sun possible.
All locations of a given latitude are collectively referred to as a line of latitude or parallel, because they are coplanar, and all such planes are parallel to the Equator. A line of latitude is approximately a small circleA small circle of a sphere, is the circle constructed by a plane crossing the sphere not in its middle point. Small circles always have smaller diameters than the sphere itself (compare great circle). Small circle of a sphere. The small circle does not ha on the surface of the Earth; except at the Equator, it is not a geodesicIn mathematics, a geodesic is a curve which is "straight" in some sense. It takes its name from the science of geodesy of measuring the size and shape of the earth, and was originally the shortest route between two points on the surface of the earth. since the shortest route between two points at the same latitude usually involves moving further away from the equator.
Latitude more loosely determines tendencies in climate, polar auroraPolar aurorae are optical phenomena characterized by colorful displays of light in the night sky. An auroral display in the Northern Hemisphere is called the aurora borealis or the northern lights in the Southern Hemisphere it is called the aurora australs, prevailing wind s, and other physical characteristics of geographic locations.
Each degree of latitude is further sub-divided into 60 " minutesA minute of arc arcminute or MOA is a unit of angular measurement, equal to one sixtieth (1/60) of one degree. Since one degree is defined as one three hundred and sixtieth (1/360) of a circle, 1 MOA is 1/21600 of the amount of arc in a closed circle, or". In navigationThis article concerns navigation in the sense of determination of position and direction on the surface of the Earth. See Navigation (disambiguation) for other meanings. There are several traditions of navigation . Polynesian navigation The Polynesian nav a minute may be sub-divided into tenths (or, formerly, secondsA second of arc or arcsecond is a unit of angular measurement which comprises one-sixtieth of an arcminute, or 1/3600 of a degree of arc or 1/1296000 ≈ 7. 7E-7 of a circle. It is the angular diameter on object of 1 unit diameter at a distance of 360). Thus a fully qualified latitude may be expressed thus; 23° 27.5′ S
A specific latitude may then be combined with a specific longitudeMap of Earth showing vertical lines of longitude Longitude sometimes denoted λ, describes the location of a place on Earth east or west of a north-south line called the Prime Meridian. Longitude is given as an angular measurement ranging from 0° at to give a precise position on the Earth's surface.
One minute of arc of latitude is approximately one nautical mileA nautical mile is a unit of distance, or, as physical scientists like to call it, length. It is widely used around the world for maritime and aviation purposes. The international nautical mile is defined as exactly 1,852 metres. This definition was adopt.
Colatitude is the complement of latitude.
In common usage "latitude" refers to geodetic or geographic latitude φ and is the angle between a plumb line and the equatorial plane — because it originated as the angle between horizon and pole star. Because the Earth is slightly flattened by its rotation, cartographers refer to a variety of auxiliary latitudes to precisely adapt spherical projections according to their purpose.
The expressions following assume elliptical polar sections with eccentricity e, and that all sections parallel to the equatorial plane are circular. Geographic latitude (with longitude) then provides a Gauss map.
Geocentric latitude φg is probably what's generally thought to be meant by latitude. It is the angle between the plane of the equator and the radial line.
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