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| Legionella pneumophila
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| Scientific classification | ||||||||||||
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Legionella adelaidensis Legionella anisa Legionella beliardensis Legionella birminghamensis Legionella brunensis Legionella busanensis Legionella cherrii Legionella cincinnatiensis Legionella donaldsonii Legionella drancourtii Legionella drozanskii Legionella erythra Legionella fairfieldensis Legionella fallonii Legionella feeleii Legionella geestiana Legionella gratiana Legionella gresilensis Legionella hackeliae Legionella israelensis Legionella jamestowniensis Legionella jordanis Legionella lansingensis Legionella londiniensis Legionella longbeachae Legionella lytica Legionella monrovica Legionella moravica Legionella nautarum Legionella oakridgensis Legionella parisiensis Legionella pneumophila Legionella quateirensis Legionella quinlivanii Legionella rowbothamii Legionella rubrilucens Legionella sainthelensi Legionella santicrucis Legionella shakespearei Legionella spiritensis Legionella steigerwaltii Legionella taurinensis Legionella tucsonensis Legionella wadsworthii Legionella waltersii Legionella worsleiensis |
The disease has two distinct forms:
Legionnaires' disease acquired its name in 1976 when an outbreak of pneumonia occurred among persons attending a convention of the American Legion in Philadelphia. Later, the bacterium causing the illness was named Legionella.
On January 18, 1977 scientists identified a previously unknown bacterium as the cause of the mysterious "Legionnaires' disease."
An estimated 8,000 to 18,000 people get Legionnaires' disease in the United States each year. Some people can be infected with the Legionella bacterium and have mild symptoms or no illness at all.
Outbreaks of Legionnaires' disease receive significant media attention. However, this disease usually occurs as a single, isolated case not associated with any recognized outbreak. When outbreaks do occur, they are usually recognized in the summer and early fall, but cases may occur year-round. About 5% to 30% of people who have Legionnaires' disease die.
Patients with Legionnaires' disease usually have fever, chills, and a cough, which may be dry or may produce sputum. Some patients also have muscle aches, headache, tiredness, loss of appetite, and, occasionally, diarrhea. Laboratory tests may show that these patients' kidneys are not functioning properly. Chest X-rays often show pneumonia. It is difficult to distinguish Legionnaires' disease from other types of pneumonia by symptoms alone; other tests are required for diagnosis.
Persons with Pontiac fever experience fever and muscle aches and do not have pneumonia. They generally recover in 2 to 5 days without treatment.
The time between the patient's exposure to the bacterium and the onset of illness for Legionnaires' disease is 2 to 10 days; for Pontiac fever, it is shorter, generally a few hours to 2 days.
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