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Lenin argued that the proletariat can only achieve revolutionary consciousness through the efforts of a communist partyA Communist party is a party which advocates Communism. Many such parties formally use the term "Communist" in their official name. Communist Parties first began to be established in various countries across the world after the creation of the Communist I that assumes the role of "revolutionary vanguard". Lenin further believed that such a party could only achieve its aims through a form of disciplined organization known as democratic centralismDemocratic centralism is a political concept referring to the governance of political parties and groups. It is generally regarded as being an element of Leninism, and the term is sometimes used as a synonym for Leninist policy inside a political party.. In addition, Leninism holds that imperialismImperialism is the policy of extending the control or authority over foreign entities as a means of acquisition and/or maintenance of empires, either through direct territorial control or through indirect methods of exerting control on the politics and/or is the highest stage of capitalismCapitalism generally refers to a combination of economic practices that became institutionalized in Europe between the 16th and 19th centuries. Exactly which historic and current practices are considered part of "capitalism" varies among users of the term, and that capitalism can only be overthrown by revolutionary means (i.e. that any attempt to reform capitalism from within is doomed to fail). Lenin believed in the destruction of the capitalist state through a proletarian revolution, and in replacing that state with the dictatorship of the proletariatThe dictatorship of the proletariat is defined by Marxist theory as the use of state power by the working class against its enemies during the passage from capitalism to communism, entailing control of the state apparatus and the means of production. (a system of workers' democracy, in which workers would hold political power through councils known as sovietA soviet originally was a workers' local council in late Imperial Russia. The councils and the term later were adopted by the Bolsheviks who saw it as the basic organizing unit of society. Originally the soviets were a grassroots effort to practice directs).
Lenin's theory of imperialismImperialism is the policy of extending the control or authority over foreign entities as a means of acquisition and/or maintenance of empires, either through direct territorial control or through indirect methods of exerting control on the politics and/or aimed to improve and correct Marx's work by explaining a phenomenon which Marx could not have predicted: the shift of capitalism towards becoming a global system (rather than the national system that Marx had described). At the core of this theory of imperialism lies the idea that advanced capitalist industrial nations are avoiding revolution by forcing their excess production into captive colonial markets and exploiting those colonies for their resources. This allowed the advanced capitalist industrial nations to keep their workers content, partly through the creation of a labor aristocracyThe Labor aristocracy in Marxist-Leninist theory, is a category of workers ( proletarians) in developed countries countries, who benefit from the superprofits extracted by the capitalist ruling classes of their countries from the impoverished workers of u. As a result, capitalism was strengthened to the point where the revolution would not occur in the most advanced nations (as Marx had predicted) but rather in the weakest imperialist state, that being Russia.
However, if the revolution can only happen in a poor underdeveloped country, this poses a serious problem: such an underdeveloped country would not be able to develop a socialist system (in Marxist theory, socialism is the stage of development that would come after capitalism and before communism), because capitalism hasn't run its full course yet in such a country, and because foreign powers will try to crush the revolution at any cost. To solve this problem, Leninism proposes two possible solutions:
Either way, socialism cannot survive in one poor underdeveloped country alone. Thus, Leninism calls for world revolution in one form or another.
Present-day Leninists often see globalization as the modern form of imperialism.
Near the end of the 1920's, the Soviet Union began to move away from Lenin's policies and towards what is usually called " Stalinism", with many of Lenin's colleagues and followers (the " Old Bolsheviks") perishing in the Great Purge. In China, Leninist structure was the basis of organization for both the Kuomintang and the Communist Party of China; later, the Chinese Communists developed the theory of Maoism.
Today, the term "Leninism" (or, more often, " Marxism-Leninism") is used in self-description by three separate ideologies, all of which have historical roots in Leninism, but are otherwise very different from each other: Stalinism, Maoism, and Trotskyism. While Maoism can be regarded as a sub-category of Stalinism in many ways, Trotskyism and Stalinism are staunch enemies (Trotskyists have opposed what they saw as the undemocratic policies of the Soviet Union under Stalin's leadership, and the similar policies of all countries that followed the Stalinist model).
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