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Home > Liberal bibliography

This Liberal bibliography lists literature on liberalism as well as the liberal classics. However, it is by no means a complete list. Also, it doesn't include literature on liberalism or liberal parties in specific countries.

1 Liberal classics

The authors are listed more or less chronological

• Desiderius Erasmus (Dutch 1466-1536) Humanism, scholarship in original languages
  • De pueris instituend, published 1529

• Niccolo Machiavelli (Italy, 1469-1527), Political Theory and History
  • The Prince
  • Discourses on Livy
  • History of Florence
  • The Art of War

• Baruch Spinoza (Netherlands, 1632-1677) Ethics, systematic philosophy
  • Theologico-Political Treatise, 1670 [1]

• John Locke (England, 1632-1704), Inherent rights, state under law
  • A Letter Concerning Toleration, 1689 [2]
  • The Second Treatise of Civil Government, 1689 [3]

• Voltaire (France 1694-1778) History as Progress, rational government
  • Philosophical Dictionary

• David Hume (United Kingdom, 1711-1776), Rational inquiry into society and econonomy
  • An Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Morals, 1751

• Jean-Jacques Rousseau (France, 1712-1778) Social Contract, national self-determination, education
  • Du Contrat Social, 1762 (The Social Contract [4])

• Denis Diderot (France, 1713-1784) and many others
  • Encyclopédie, ou dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers, 1751-1772 {Encyclopaedia, or Reasoned Dictionary of the Sciences, Arts, and Trades [5])

• Adam Smith (United Kingdom, 1723-1790) Systematic political economy, captialism, technology as wealth
  • An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, 1776 [6]
  • The Theory of Moral Sentiments, 1759

• Charles de MontesquieuCharles de Secondat, Baron de Montesquieu ( January 18, 1689 February 10, 1755) was a French political thinker who lived during the Enlightenment and who is famous for his articulation of the theory of separation of powers, taken for granted in many moder (France, 1689-1755) Philosophy of Law
  • De l'esprit des lois,1748 (Spirit of the Laws [7])

• Sir William Blackstone (England 1723-1780) Natural rights as basis for systematic treatment of the law
  • Commentaries on the Laws of England

• Immanuel KantImmanuel Kant ( April 22, 1724 February 12, 1804) was a Prussian philosopher, generally regarded as the last major philosopher of the Enlightenment, having a major impact on the Romantic and Idealist philosophies of the 19th century, and as one of history (Germany, 1724-1804)
  • Grundlegung zur Metaphysik der Sitten, 1785 (Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysic of Morals[8])
  • Kritik der praktischen VernunftThe Critique of Practical Reason is the second of Immanuel Kant's three critiques, first published in 1788. It deals with his moral philosophy, and picks up from the Critique of Pure Reason. Many of the themes and arguments of this book are spelled out fa, 1788 (Critique of Practical Reason [9])
  • Zum ewigen Frieden, 1795 [10]
  • Metaphysik der Sitten, 1797 (Metaphysics of Morals [11])

• Anders ChydeniusAnders Chydenius was the leading classical liberal of Nordic history. A Finnish priest and member of parliament, he published a book called The National Gain in 1765, in which he proposes ideas of free trade and explores the relationship between economy a (Finland, 1729-1803)
  • Den Nationnale Winsten, 1765 (The National Gain [12])

• Thomas PaineThomas Paine ( January 29, 1737 — June 8, 1809) was a widely recognized intellectual, scholar, and idealist who is considered to be one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. As a radical pamphleteer, Paine impacted the American Revolution with his (United Kingdom/United States, 1737-1809)
  • Rights of ManThomas Paine wrote the Rights of Man in 1791 as a reply to Reflections on the Revolution in France by Edmund Burke, and as such, it is a work glorifying the French Revolution. Paine's Declaration of the Rights of Man can be approached from his most tellin, 1791 [13]

• The Federalists*
  • Federalist Papers / Alexander Hamilton, John Jay & James Madison, 1787 [14]

• Marquis de Condorcet (France, 1743-1794)
  • Esquisse d'un tableau historique des progrés de l'esprit humain, 1795 (Sketch for a Historical Picture of the Progress of the Human Mind)

• Jeremy Bentham (United Kingdom, 1748-1832)
• Benjamin Constant (France, 1767-1830)
  • De l'esprit de conquête et l'usurpation (On the spirit of conquest and on usurpation), 1814

• Wilhelm von Humboldt (Germany, 1767-1835)
  • Ideen zu einem Versuch, die Grenzen der Wirksamkeit des Staats zu bestimmen, 1792 (On the Limits of State Action)

• James Mill (United Kingdom, 1773-1836)
  • Elements of Political Economy, 1821

• Ralph Waldo Emerson (American 1803-1882) Democratic philosophy
  • Self-Reliance
  • Circles
  • Politics
  • The Nominalist and the Realist

• Alexis de Tocqueville (France, 1805-1859)
  • De La Démocratie en Amérique, 1831-1840 (Democracy in America, [15])
  • L'Ancien Régime et la Révolution, 1856

• John Stuart Mill (United Kingdom, 1806-1873)
  • On Representative Government, 1862
  • On Liberty, 1868 [16]

• Jakob Burkhardt (Swiss, 1818-1897) State as derived from cultural and economic life
  • The Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy

• Herbert Spencer (United Kingdom, 1820-1903)
  • The Man versus the State, 1884

• John Dewey (United States, 1859-1952)
  • Liberalism and Social Action, 1935
  • Democracy and Education [17]

• Max Weber (Germany, 1864-1920)
  • Die protestantische Ethik und der 'Geist' des Kapitalismus,1904 (The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism [18])

• Leonard Trelawny Hobhouse (United Kingdom, 1864-1929)
  • Liberalism, 1911 [19]

• Benedetto Croce (Italy, 1866-1952)
  • Che cos è il liberalismo, 1943

• William Beveridge (United Kingdom, 1879-1973)
  • Full Employment in a Free Society, 1944
  • Why I am a liberal, 1945

• Ludwig von Mises (Austria, 1881-1973)

• John Maynard Keynes (United Kingdom, 1883-1946)
  • The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money, 1936 [20]
  • The Economic Consequences of the Peace

• Will Durant 18815-1981 with Ariel Durant 1898-1981
  • The Story of Civiliazation

• José Ortega y Gasset (Spain, 1883-1955)
  • La rebelión de las masas, 1930 (The Rebellion of the Masses)

• Friedrich Hayek (Austria, 1899-1992)
  • The Road to Serfdom, 1944 [21]
  • The Constitution of Liberty, 1960

• Karl Raimund Popper (Austria/United Kingdom, 1902-1994)
  • The Open Society and Its Enemies, 1946

• Adolf Berle and Gardiner Means
  • The Modern Corporation and Private Property

• Alan Paton (South Africa, 1903-1988)
  • Cry, The Beloved Country, 1948

• Raymond Aron (France, 1905-1983)
  • Essais sur les libertés, 1965
  • Démocratie et totalitarisme, 1965

• John Kenneth Galbraith (United States, 1908- )
  • The Affluent Society, 1958
  • The Liberal Hour, 1960

• Isaiah Berlin (Latvia/United Kingdom, 1909-1997)
  • Two Concepts of Liberty, 1958
  • Four Essays on Liberty, 1966

• Franklin Delano Roosevelt
  • Inaugural Addresses

• Arthur Schlesinger Jr.
  • The Age of Roosevelt
  • The Cycles in American History

• Jean Paul Sartre (1905-1980)
  • The Flies

• Simone de Beauvoir (France)
  • The Second Sex

• Bruce Ackerman
  • We, The People

• George McGovern
  • The Essential America

• John Rawls (United States, 1921-2002)
  • A Theory of Justice, 1972
  • Political Liberalism, 1996

• Ralf Dahrendorf (Germany/United Kingdom, 1929- )
  • Die Chancen der Krise: über die Zukunft des Liberalismus, 1983
  • Fragmente eines neuen Liberalismus, 1987

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