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(Note that, contrary to popular belief, Julius Caesar was never Emperor ( princeps), although he was named dictator for life in 45 BC (but was not the first Roman to hold that title) and was regarded as such by Roman historians. On the other hand, the name Caesar became the family name of the first dynasty and was effectively treated as a title, a practice which continued throughout the Empire. Similarly, Suetonius wrote of The Twelve Caesars (including the Flavians) so some sense of continuity was evidently felt.)
For the worship of the Roman Emperor as a god, see imperial cult.
For a simplified list see: Concise List of Roman Emperors
italics: claimant who cannot be conisdered to have ruled or held power over part of the empire only
bold italics: nickname by which the individual is commonly known
| Reign | Common name | Personal name & Title at birth/ on eve of accession | Imperial name | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
16 January 27 BC to 19 August AD 14Centuries: 1st century BC 1st century 2nd century Decades: 30s BC 20s BC 10s BC 0s BC 0s 10s 20s 30s 40s 50s 60s Years: 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Events First year of tianfeng era of the Chinese Xin Dynasty. Tiberius succeeds his stepfather Augustus
| Augustus
| GAIVS OCTAVIANVS | IMPERATOR CAESAR DIVI FILIVS IMPERATOR CAESAR DIVI FILIVS AVGVSTVS
| 12Centuries: 2nd century BC 1st century BC 1st century Decades: 60s BC 50s BC 40s BC 30s BC 20s BC 10s BC 0s 10s 20s 30s 40s Years: 17 BC 16 BC 15 BC 14 BC 13 BC 12 BC 11 BC 10 BC 9 BC 8 BC 7 BC Events Comet Halley makes an appearance Births Marcus ValeriusBC: Pontifex Maximus
| |
19 August 14Centuries: 1st century BC 1st century 2nd century Decades: 30s BC 20s BC 10s BC 0s BC 0s 10s 20s 30s 40s 50s 60s Years: 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Events First year of tianfeng era of the Chinese Xin Dynasty. Tiberius succeeds his stepfather Augustus to 16 March 37
| Tiberius
| TIBERIVS CLAVDIVS NERO | TIBERIVS IVLIVS CAESAR TIBERIVS CAESAR AVGVSTVS
| AD 15: Pontifex Maximus
| |
18 March 37 to 24 January 41
| Caligula
| GAIVS IVLIVS CAESAR GERMANICVS | GAIVS CAESAR AVGVSTVS GERMANICVS CALIGVLA GAIVS CAESAR AVGVSTVS GERMANICVS
| Nickname Caligula, (Little-boots); AD37: Pontifex Maximus, Pater Patriae; | Assassinated |
24 January 41 to 13 October 54
| Claudius
| TIBERIVS CLAVDIVS DRVSVS | TIBERIVS CLAVDIVS DRVSVS NERO GERMANICVS TIBERIVS CLAVDIVS CAESAR AVGVSTVS GERMANICVS PONTIFEX MAXIMVS
| AD 42: Pater Patriae; | Assassinated by poisoning |
October 54 to 11 June 68
| Nero
| LVCIVS DOMITIVS AHENOBARBVS
| NERO CLAVDIVS CAESAR DRVSVS GERMANICVS | NERO CLAVDIVS CAESAR AVGVSTVS GERMANICVS AD55: Pontifex Maximus; later Pater Patriae; | Committed suicide |
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