| Laser gain medium and type
| Operation wavelength(s)
| Pump source
| Applications and notes
|
| Helium- neon ( HeNe) gas laser
| 632.8 nm (543.5 nm, 593.9 nm, 611.8 nm, 1.1523 μm, 1.52 μm, 3.3913 μm)
| Electrical discharge
| Interferometry, holography, spectroscopy, barcode scanning, alignment, optical demonstrations.
|
| Argon ion gas laser
| 488.0 nm, 514.5 nm, (351 nm, 465.8 nm, 472.7 nm, 528.7 nm)
| Electrical discharge
| Retinal phototherapy (for diabetes), lithographyLithography is a method for printing on a smooth surface, as well as a method of manufacturing semiconductor and MEMS devices. Printing The Principle Lithography as a manual process is based on the repulsion of oil and water. The image is placed on the su, pumping other lasers.
|
| KryptonFor other meanings see Krypton (disambiguation Krypton is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol Kr and atomic number 36. A colorless noble gas, krypton occurs in trace amounts in the atmosphere, is isolated by fractionating liquefie ion gas laser
| 416 nm, 530.9 nm, 568.2 nm, 647.1 nm, 676.4 nm, 752.5 nm, 799.3 nm
| Electrical discharge
| Scientific research, mixed with argon for creation of "white-light" lasers, light shows.
|
| XenonXenon is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol Xe and atomic number 54. A colorless, very heavy, odorless noble gas, xenon occurs in the earth's atmosphere in trace amounts and was part of the first noble gas compound synthesized. ion gas laser
| Many lines throughout entire visible spectrum extending into the UV and IRInfrared IR radiation is electromagnetic radiation of a wavelength longer than visible light, but shorter than microwave radiation. The name means "below red" (from the Latin infra "below"), red being the color of visible light of longest wavelength..
| Electrical discharge
| Scientific research.
|
| NitrogenNitrogen is the chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol N and atomic number 7. A common normally colorless, odorless, tasteless and mostly inert diatomic non-metal gas, nitrogen constitutes 78 percent of Earth's atmosphere and is a cons gas laser
| 337.1 nm
| Electrical discharge
| Pumping of dye lasers, measurement of air pollution, scientific research, nitrogen lasers are capable of operating superradiantly (without a resonator cavity), amateur laser construction.
|
| Hydrogenhydrogen helium H Li Full table General Name, Symbol, NumberHydrogen, H, 1 Chemical series nonmetals Group, Period, Block 1 (IA), 1 , s Density, Hardness 0. 0899 kg/m3, NA Appearance colorless Atomic properties Atomic weight 1. 00794 amu Atomic radius (ca fluoride laser
| 2.7 to 2.9 μm for (Hydrogen fluoride) 3.6 to 4.2 μm for ( Deuterium fluoride)
| Chemical reaction in a burning jet of ethylene and nitrogen trifluoride (NF3)
| Used in research for laser weaponry by the U.S. DOD, operated in continuous wave mode and capable of extremely high powers in the megawatt range.
|
| Chemical Oxygen- Iodine Laser (COIL)
| 1.315 μm
| Chemical reaction in a jet of singlet delta oxygen and iodine
| Laser weaponry, scientific and materials research, laser used in the U.S. military's Airborne laser, operated in continuous wave mode and capable of extremely high powers in the megawatt range.
|
| Carbon dioxide (CO2) gas laser
| 10.6 μm, (9.4 μm)
| Transverse (high power) or longitudinal (low power) electrical discharge
| Material processing ( cutting, welding, etc.), surgery.
|
| Carbon monoxide (CO) gas laser
| 2.6 to 4 μm, 4.8 to 8.3 μm
| Electrical discharge
| Material processing ( engraving, welding, etc.), photoacoustic spectroscopy .
|
| Excimer chemical lasers
| 193 nm (ArF), 248 nm (KrF), 308 nm (XeCl), 353 nm (XeF)
| Excimer recombination via electrical discharge
| Ultraviolet lithography for semiconductor manufacturing, laser surgery, LASIK.
|
