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The adult human liver normally weighs between 1.0 - 2.5 kilograms, and is a soft, reddish-brown "wedge-shaped" organ. It is the largest organ in the abdomen and sits immediately under the diaphragm on the right side of the upper abdomen. The gallbladder lies beneath the liver. The right kidney lies below the liver.
The liver is supplied by two major blood vessels: the hepatic artery and the portal vein. The hepatic artery normally comes off the celiac trunk. The portal vein brings venous blood from the digestive tract, so that the liver can process the nutrients and toxins extracted from food. The hepatic veinIn geology, a vein is a regularly shaped and lengthy occurrence of an ore; a lode. In biology, a vein is a blood vessel which returns blood from the microvasculature to the heart. Veins form part of the circulatory system. The vessels carrying blood aways drain directly into the inferior vena cavaIn human anatomy, the inferior vena cava is formed by the union of the left and right iliac veins, going up retroperitoneally along the posterior wall of the abdominal cavity, anterior to the vertebrae and to the right of the abdominal aorta to finally em.
The bile produced in the liver is collected in bile capillaries which merge to form bile ducts. These eventually drain into the right and left hepatic ducts, which in turn merge to form the common hepatic duct. The cystic duct (from the gallbladder) joins with the common hepatic duct to form the common bile duct. Bile can either drain directly into the duodenumIn anatomy of the digestive system, the duodenum is a hollow jointed tube that connects the stomach to the jejunum. It is the first part of the small intestine, and is about 18 cm (7 in) long. It starts with the duodenal bulb and ends at the ligament of T via the common bile duct or be temporarily stored in the gallbladder via the cystic duct. The common bile duct and the pancreatic duct enter the duodenum together at the Ampulla of VaterThe Ampulla of Vater is the part of the duodenum where the common bile duct empties into the second part of the duodenum, so named because it has the appearance of an ampulla. It is named after Abraham Vater (1684-1751), a German anatomist who first publi. The branchings of the bile ducts resemble those of a tree, and indeed the term "biliary tree" is commonly used in this setting.
It is unique as the only human organ capable of natural regenerationRegeneration is the ability to restore lost or damaged tissues, organs or limbs. It is a common feature in less complex creatures, such as worms, but is very rarely observed to any major degree in higher animals. Nevertheless, even humans possess some deg of lost tissue.
Apart from a patch where it connects to the diaphragm, the liver is covered entirely by visceral peritoneumIn higher vertebrates, the peritoneum is the membrane that forms the lining of the abdominal cavity it covers most of the intra-abdominal organs. The corresponding tissues in the pleural and pericardial cavities of the thorax are called the pleura and the, a thin, double-layered membrane that reduces friction against other organs. The peritoneum folds back on itself to form the falciform ligament and the right and left triangular ligaments. These "ligaments" are in no way related to the true anatomic ligaments in joints, and have essentially no functional importance, but they are easily recognizable surface landmarks. Traditional gross anatomy divided the liver into four lobes based on surface features.
The falciform ligament is visible on the front ( anterior side) of the liver. This divides the liver into a left anatomical lobe, and a right anatomical lobe.
If the liver is flipped over, to look at it from behind (the visceral surface), there are two additional lobes between the right and left. These are the caudate lobe (the more superior), and below this the quadrate lobe.
From behind, the lobes are divided up by the ligamentum venosum and ligamentum teres (anything left of these is the left lobe), the transverse fissure (or porta hepatis) divides the caudate from the quadrate lobe, and the right sagittal fossa, which the inferior vena cava runs over, separates these two lobes from the right lobe.
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