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London is the capital of the United Kingdom and of England, and with over seven million inhabitants in the Greater London area, is the second-most populous conurbation in Europe (after Moscow). From being Londinium, the capital of the Roman province of Britannia, it rose to become the centre of the British Empire and today contributes 17% of the GDP of the UK's economy, the world's fourth largest. London has been one of the world's most important centres of commerce and politics for several centuries.
The Palace of Westminster, the Clock Tower, and Westminster Bridge, on the River ThamesThis article is about the River Thames in southern England. For other meanings of the word Thames, see Thames The Thames ( pronounced /temz/) is a river flowing through southern England and connecting London with the sea. Course The Thames has a length of, London
The term "London" was used for hundreds of years to refer to the conurbation centred on the small City of LondonThe City of London often referred to as just the City or as the Square Mile (from its area) (but never referred to simply as London forms the historic and financial centre of Greater London. Although the City was for centuries synonymous with London, the in the historic countyThe traditional counties of England are historic subdivisions of the country into around 40 regions. They are also known as the historic counties or archaically as the ancient or geographical counties . The traditional counties were used for administrativ of Middlesextraditional county. administrative county before the creation of Greater London. Middlesex is an area in England, mostly covered by Greater London. It is one of the 39 historical counties of England. It includes the City of London, which was self-governin. Today, it usually refers to the administrative area known as Greater London, but is sometimes used to mean the area within the London postal districtThe system of London postal districts predated the introduction of postcodes throughout the United Kingdom in the 1960s. The first system, of ten sectors identified by letters, was introduced in 1858; the numbered subdivisions date from 1917. The 1917 sub, the area covered by the 020 phonecode (formerly 0171 and 0181; before that 071 and 081; even earlier 01), the area covered by an all-zone Transport for LondonTransport for London (TfL) is responsible for the transport system of London, the capital city of the United Kingdom. TfL's role is to implement the transport strategy for, and to manage transport services across, the capital. TfL is controlled by a board Travelcard, the area within the M25 motorway, or the larger London commuter belt.
The coordinates of the centre of London (traditionally considered to be Charing Cross, near Trafalgar Square) are approximately 51°30' N, 0°8' W.
Main article: History of London
The city of Londinium was founded by the Romans on the north bank of the River Thames in around AD 50. Although there is no evidence of a large pre-Roman settlement, the name is thought to be pre-Roman. It is believed to have become the capital of the Roman province of Britannia in the early second century. After the fall of the Roman Empire, the Roman city was virtually abandoned and a Saxon town named Lundenwic was established a mile or two west in the Aldwych area in the 7th century AD. The fortified Roman City of London was reoccupied around the late 9th or early 10th century, whereafter it resumed its role as England's biggest city (although not its capital - Winchester served as capital until the 12th century). In 1666, a devastating fire swept through the city, destroying a large part of it. Re-building the city took over 10 years but by the 18th century London was the largest city in the world.
Over the years, London has increased dramatically in size, absorbing meadows, woodlands, villages and towns and spreading outwards in every direction. Outward growth has been physically interrupted (though by no means halted) through the definition of a Green Belt. In recent years development has been concentrated in the London Docklands and Thames Gateway areas of East London.
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