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| County | Los Angeles County, California | ||||
| Area - Total - Water | 170.6 km˛ (65.9 mi˛) 40.0 km˛ (15.4 mi˛) 23.42% | ||||
| Population |
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| Time zone | Pacific: UTC-8 | ||||
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Latitude
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33°48'15" N | ||||
| City of Long Beach | |||||
Long Beach is a city located in southern Los Angeles County, California, on the Pacific coast. It is one of the busiest sea ports in the world.
Its location is 33°47' North, 118°10' West, about 20 miles (30 km) south of downtown Los Angeles. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 170.6 km˛ (65.9 mi˛). 130.6 km˛ (50.4 mi˛) of it is land and 40.0 km˛ (15.4 mi˛) of it is water. The total area is 23.42% water. As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 461,522. It is the fifth largest city in California and the second largest in Los Angeles County.
The R.M.S. Queen MaryThe RMS Queen Mary was a Cunard Line (then Cunard White Star Line) ocean liner that sailed the North Atlantic Ocean from 1936 to 1967. She was designed to be Britain's answer to the European super-liners of the late twenties and early thirties. The Queen has been located in Long Beach since her retirement. The Aquarium of the Pacific , a world-class research facility, is a popular tourist destination. The Long Beach Grand Prix, an annual IndyCar race, takes place on city streets near the Convention Center and is one of the largest grand prix events in the world. Long Beach is the site of a large community college, a California State UniversityThe California State University CSU system has a combined 23 campuses, 414,000 students, and 44,000 faculty and staff, making it the largest university system in the United States. The CSU awards more than half of the bachelor's degrees and a third of the campus, and a Veterans AffairsThe United States Department of Veterans Affairs VA is a Cabinet department of the United States government responsible for administering programs of veterans benefits for veterans, their families, and survivors. It is administered by the United States Se hospital.
Signal Hill is an incorporated city surrounded entirely by Long Beach.
The area was originally occupied by the Tongva people who lived in a rancheria named Tibahangna. Along with other Tongva villages, it disappeared in the mid- 1800s.
The Rancho los Cerritos was divided from the larger Rancho Los Nietos , which had been granted by the King of Spain to a mulatto soldier, Manuel Nieto. Rancho Los Cerritos was bought 1843 by John Temple , a Yankee who had come to California in 1827. Soon after he built what is now known as the "Los Cerritos Ranch House" an adobe which still stands and is a National Historic Landmark. Temple created a thriving cattle ranch and prospered, becoming the wealthiest man in Los Angeles County. Both Temple and his ranch house played important local roles in the Mexican American War.
Meanwhile, on an island in the San Pedro Bay, Mormon pioneers made an abortive attempt to establish a colony (as part of Brigham Young's plan to establish a continuous chain of settlements from the Pacific to Salt Lake).
Jotham Bixby , the "Father of Long Beach", purchased the Rancho Los Cerritos in 1866 and converted it to sheep ranching. In the 1870s Bixby sold an average of 200,000 pounds of wool annually. In 1880, Bixby sold 4,000 acres (16 km˛) of the Rancho los Cerritos to William E. Willmore , who subdivided it in hopes of creating a farm community, Willmore City. He failed and was bought out by the "Long Beach Land and Water Company." They changed the name of the community to "Long Beach", which was incorporated as a city in 1888. When Bixby died in 1916 the remaining 3,500 acres (14 km˛) of Rancho los Cerritos was subdivided into the neighborhoods of Bixby Knolls, California Heights, North Long Beach and part of the city of Signal Hill.The town grew as a seaside resort ( The Pike was one of the most famous beachside amusement parks on the West coast from 1910 until the 1960's) and then as an oil, Navy, and port town. The town was once referred to as "Iowa by the sea".
In 1933, a magnitude 6.3 earthquake caused significant damage to the city and surrounding areas. Most of the damage occurred in unreinforced masonry buildings, especially schools. 120 people died in this earthquake.
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