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In general, a loyalist is an individual who is loyal to the powers that be. Two main historical groups of individuals have been specifically called "Loyalists" in English. For Loyalists in the American Revolutionary War, see the main article at Loyalist (American Revolution). The remainder of this article concerns Loyalists in the United Kingdom.
A loyalist in Northern Ireland is someone on the extreme fringe of Northern Ireland unionism who resorts to violence, or threatens to do so, in what they perceive as their defence of their community, protestantism and Northern Ireland's position as part of the United Kingdom. Loyalists within Northern Ireland live within small working enclaves within the major urban centres, such as Belfast and Londonderry.
A number of Loyalist paramilitary groups exist; these include the Ulster Defence Association (UDA), Ulster Freedom Fighters (UFF), Loyalist Volunteer Force (LVF), etc.
Though loyalists claim to speak on behalf of their community and the unionist community, the evidence of electoral contests suggest that their support is minimal and exclusively urban, working class based. Only one moderate pro- Belfast Agreement loyalist party (the PUP) won any seats in the Northern Ireland AssemblyThe Northern Ireland Assembly is a 108-member legislative body for Northern Ireland that sits at Stormont with powers devolved to it from the Westminster parliament. It is created as a power sharing body, so that every party is represented in the executiv in 1999For the album by Prince, see 1999 (album 1999 is a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar), and was designated the International Year of Older Persons by the UN. Events Kosovo War Former child star Gary Coleman files for bankruptcy Y2K prep.
Ideologically, Loyalism is typified by a militant opposition to RepublicanismRepublicanism is a philosophy derived from a belief in the old Republics of Rome and the philosphy of the Enlightenment. The Republic revolves around the idea of a free body politic. The implications of a free republic is the idea of participatory and act and devout ProtestantismProtestantism in the strict sense of the word is the group of princes and imperial cities who, at the diet of Speyer in 1529, tried a protestation against the Edict of Worms which forbade the Lutheran teachings within the Holy Roman Empire. From there, th. It stresses identity and community with its own folk heroes and events, e.g. the heroic exploits of the 36th (Ulster) Division during World War IWorld War I (also known as the First World War , the Great War the War of the Nations and the "War to End All Wars") was a world conflict occurring from 1914 to 1918. No previous conflict had mobilized so many soldiers, or involved so many in the field of.
Loyalism has a diverse following ranging from left-wing sympathisers to supporters of an independent UlsterSee also Ulster, New York, United States. Ulster ( Irish: Ulaidh forms one of the historical provinces of Ireland. Six of its nine counties, Antrim, Armagh, Down, Fermanagh, Londonderry and Tyrone, are known together as Northern Ireland, and are part of t to the British National Front.
Officially most loyalist organisations are in ceasefire mode as a result of the Belfast Agreement, though numerous breaches of the ceasefire have been recorded.
A loyalist in Scotland is someone on the fringes of Scottish unionism and who is often stridently supportive of loyalism and unionism.
Although a tiny fraction of the Scottish population, and less so in comparison to their Northern Ireland counterparts, their profile has become more prominent with strident demonstrations of their beliefs since the establishment of a Scottish Parliament - often seen at loyalist marches and through their support for Rangers F.C.
On the extreme it will be supportive of violence, or threats of violence, in what they perceive as a "defence" of loyalists, unionists, their version of Protestantism and Northern Ireland's and Scotland's position as part of the United Kingdom.
Although far less active and organised in Scotland than their Northern Ireland counterparts, they have been involved in a small number of activities over the years of the troubles in Northern Ireland. Most notably have been two pub bombings, spontaneous murders of people they perceive as enemies of their version of Protestantism and gun running to Northern Ireland.
Loyalists within Scotland live within very small working enclaves in the major urban centres or industrial villages, in Glasgow, Lanarkshire, Renfrewshire, West Lothian and Ayrshire.
A number of loyalist paramilitary groups are supported by loyalaists in Scotland, which include the Ulster Defence Association (UDA), Ulster Freedom Fighters (UFF), Loyalist Volunteer Force (LVF), etc. Although it repudiates these organisations the Orange Order in Scotland has been embarrassed by members and flute bands who support these organisations.
Though loyalists claim to speak on behalf of Protestants and unionists, there is no evidence of political support. In fact many of the political representatives in their areas are often from the Labour Party and, far less so, the Scottish National Party. Both parties do not support their programme.
Ideologically, Scottish Loyalism is typified by a strident, and at times militant, opposition to Republicanism, Scottish independence and the Roman Catholic Church - particularly the existence of Roman Catholic denominational schools.
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