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Macedon (aka. Macedonia) was the ancient Greek state of Macedonia in the central-northern part of ancient Greece bordering with the ancient Greek state of Epirus on the west and the ancient Greek state of Thrace on the East. Alexander the Great hailed from Macedonia and from there he launched his retaliatory conquest of Persia and subsequently his Hellenistic conquests of the majority of the then civilized western world, spanning from Egypt in the west to to the northwestern borderlands of India in the east.
Prior to Philip's conquests in the 4th century BC, the kingdom covered the region that is to this day the State of Macedonia in Greece. Under King Philip II it expanded to incorporate an area including what is currently the Monastir (now Bitola) and Gevgelija districts of what is now the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia.
Out of the mythical kingdom of MidasMidas was a character in Greek mythology, who is most recognized for his ability to turn anything he touched into gold. He was King of Pessinus, a city in Phrygia in Asia Minor. As a child, he was adopted by Gordias and Cybele. He was known for being a he a historical Macedonian state emerged around the first half of the 7th century BC8th century BC 7th century BC 6th century BC other centuries) ( 700s BC 690s BC 680s BC 670s BC 660s BC 650s BC 640s BC 630s BC 620s BC 610s BC 600s BC other decades) ( 2nd millennium BC 1st millennium BC 1st millennium AD) Events Scythians arrived in Asi: after a brief period of Persian overlordship the city-state regained its independence under King Alexander IAlexander I was ruler of Macedon from 495 BC to 450 BC. He was the son of Amyntas I of Macedon. According to Herodotus he was unfriendly to Persia, and had the envoys of Darius I killed when they arrived at the court of his father during the Ionian Revolt ( 495Centuries: 6th century BC 5th century BC 4th century BC Decades: 540s BC 530s BC 520s BC 510s BC 500s BC 490s BC 480s BC 470s BC 460s BC 450s BC 440s BC Years: 499 BC 498 BC 497 BC 496 BC 495 BC 494 BC 493 BC 492 BC 491 BC 490 BC Events Temple to Mercury- 450 BCCenturies: 6th century BC 5th century BC 4th century BC Decades: 500s BC 490s BC 480s BC 470s BC 460s BC 450s BC 440s BC 430s BC 420s BC 410s BC 400s BC Years: 455 BC 454 BC 453 BC 452 BC 451 BC 450 BC 449 BC 448 BC 447 BC 446 BC 445 BC Events Battle of S).
The area's ancient inhabitants spoke the DoricDoric Greek is an ancient dialect of the Greek language. It preserves long a where other dialects change it to as in ga mater "earth mother" ( Attic and Koine ge meter , and preserves original -ti endings that Attic changed to -si (3rd person plural onti dialect of Greek (the Spartans and the Greek colonies of Sicily also spoke the Doric dialect), and from the 5th century BC Macedonia was closely associated with Greek cultural and political development. Less classic were the archaic palace-culture, first at Aegae (modern Vergina) then at Pella, which retained aspects more like Mycenaean culture than classic Hellenic city-states, and other archaic customs, like Philip's multiple wives in addition to his Epirote queen Olympias, mother of Alexander.
In Philip's time strong contrasts remained between the cattle-rich Hellenized coastal plain of Macedon and the fierce isolated tribal mountain clans, allied to the king by marriage ties. They controlled the passes through which barbarian invasions came from Illyria to the north and northwest.
Under King Philip II ( 359- 336 BC) and his son Alexander III (the Great) ( 336- 323 BC), Macedon extended its power in the 4th century BC over not only the rest of Greek city-states but also the Persian empire, including Egypt and lands as far east as the fringes of India.
Alexander's adoption of the styles of government of the conquered territories was counterbalanced by the spread of Greek culture and learning through his vast empire: although the empire fell apart shortly after his death, his conquests left a lasting legacy, not least in the new cities founded across Persia's western territories.
In 215 BC Macedon became involved in the first of three wars with the rising power of Rome: defeat in the second ( 197 BC) and third ( 168 BC) led to the deposition of the Macedonian dynasty and the establishment of Roman client republics. Macedonian independence came to an end with the country's annexation as a province of Rome ( 146 BC). Under Roman rule as the province of Macedonia, its culture became largely Latinized. When the Emperor Constantine made Byzantium the imperial residence in 330 CE, the inhabitants called themselves Romans and spoke Latin.
During the great migrations the country was temporarily devastated by Goths and Avars, but the waves of Slavonic immigration (3rd - 7th centuries) resulted in permanent Slav settlement. In the 9th and 10th centuries the Byzantines contested for Macedonia with the Bulgars, whose chief Krum ( 802– 814) controlled central Macedonia, and were pushed back to the coastal region under the brief empire of Simeon I of Bulgaria ( 893– 927). Byzantine rule revived in western Macedonia under Emperor Basil II; from 1014 Greek domination was established for a century and a half.
After the taking of Constantinople in the Fourth Crusade ( 1204), Latins and Bulgars fought over Macedonia, until it was absorbed in the empire of Nicaea in 1234.
(Ottoman rule)
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