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| Mao Dun | |
|---|---|
| Traditional Chinese: | 茅盾 |
| Pinyin: | Máo Dùn |
| Wade-Giles: | Mao Tun |
| Real name: | Shen Dehong (沈德鴻) |
| Courtesy name: | Yanbing (雁冰) |
| Pseudonyms: | Shen Yan-bing |
Mao Dun ( July 4, 1896– March 27, 1981) was the pen name of Shen Dehong, a 20th century Chinese novelist, cultural critic, and journalist.
He adopted 'Mao Dun' (矛盾), meaning "contradiction", as his pen name to express his sigh for the contradicting revolutionary ideology in China in the unstable 1920s. His friend Ye ShengtaoYe Shengtao ( 28 October 1894— 1988) was a prominent author, educationist and publisher. He was one of the founders of the Association for Literary Studies , the first literature association during the May Fourth Movement. Throughout his life, he was dedi changed the first word from 矛 to 茅, which literally means "thatch", to prevent him from political persecution.
Mao Dun was born in Tongxiang County, Zhejiang Province of China. His father Shen Yongxi (沈永錫) taught and designed the curriculum for his son, but he was died when Mao Dun was ten. Mao Dun's mother Chen Aizhu (陳愛珠) then became his teacher. He mentioned in his memoirs that "my first instructor is my mother". Through learning from his parents, Mao Dun developed great interest in writing during his childhood.
Mao Dun had already started to develop his writing skills when he was still in primary school. In one examination the examiner commented on Mao Dun's script: '12 year old young child, can make this language, not says motherland nobody'. There were other similar comments which indicate that Mao Dun had been a brillant writer since his youth.
While Mao Dun was studying in secondary school in HangzhouHangzhou (; pinyin: Hangzhou; WG: Hang-chou) is a sub-provincial city in China, and the capital of Zhejiang province. Located 180 km southwest of Shanghai, the population in the city proper is now 1. In China, the city is well known for its beautiful scen, extensive reading and strict writing skills training filled his life. He finished reading Illustrious Definite orders (《昭明文選》), Shi Shuo Xin Yu (《世說新語》) and a large number of classical novels. These novels influenced his writing style and his idea of writing.
Mao Dun entered the three-year foundation school offered by Peking UniversityPeking University Established 1898 School type Private President Xu Zhihong Location Beijing Enrollment 36,982 Faculty 17,203 Campus City Homepage Peking University or Beijing University ( pinyin Beijing Daxu , colloquially Beida (, pinyin beid , is one o in 1913, in which he studied Chinese and Western literature. Due to financial difficulties, he had to quit in the summer of 1916, before his graduation.
The trainings in Chinese and English as well as knowledge of Chinese and Western literature provided by the fifteen years' education Mao Dun received had prepared him to show up in the limelight of the Chinese journalistic and literary arena.
After graduation, Mao Dun soon got his first job in the English editing and translation sections of the Commercial Press (商務印書館), ShanghaiAlternate meanings: See Shanghai (disambiguation Shanghai ( Chinese: , pinyin: shang hi; Shanghainese IPA: /z h/) is China's largest city and is situated on the banks of the Chang Jiang delta. In Chinese, Shanghai's abbreviations are H ( or ) and Shen . branch. At the age of 21, he was invitied to be the assistant editor of Xuesheng Zazhi (學生雜誌) (Students' Magazine) under the Commercial Press, which had published many articles about the new ideologies that had emerged in China at that time.
Apart from editing, Mao Dun also started to write about his social thoughts and criticisms. To some extent, he was inspired by the famous magazine New Youths. Like in 1917 and 1918, he wrote two editorials for Xuesheng Zazhi: Students and Society (學生與社會) and The Students of 1918, those were significant in stimulating political consciousness among the young educated Chinese.
In 1920, he was invited to edit a new column: Xiaoshuo Xinchao (小說新潮) (The Fiction-New-Waves) in Xiaoshuo Yuebao (小說月報)(Fiction Monthly). He even took up the post of Chief Editor of the Monthly in the same year and was obliged to reform it thoroughly, in response to the New Cultural MovementThe May Fourth Movement ( W-si Yundong) was one of the famous anti-foreign movements in China. Some scholars call it "the Chinese Enlightenment. Taking place on May 4, 1919, it marked the beginning of the upsurge of nationalist feeling, with unity of purp (五四運動/新文化運動). His young writer friends in BeijingBeijing Sh Abbreviation: ( pinyin: Jing The Forbidden City Origin of Name bei north jing capital put together: northern capital Pronounced''Bay-jing (J as in joy Area Total % of national Ranked 29th 16,808 km² 0. 175% Population Total ( 2001) % of nationa supported him by submitting their creative writings, translating Western literature and their views on new literature theories and techniques to the magazines. Wenxue Yanjiuhui (文學研究會) (Literature Study Group) was formed partly because of this. The reformed Monthly was proved to be a success. It had facilitated the continuation of the New Cultural Movement by selling ten thousand copies a month and more importantly by introducing ' Literature for life ', a brand new realistic approach to Chinese literature. In this period, Mao Dun had become a leading figure of the movement in the southern part of China.
On the notion of content reformation, both the innovative and conservative parties in the Commercial Press could not make a compromise. Mao Dun resigned from the Chief Editor of Fiction Monthly in 1923, but in 1927 he became the chief columnist of the Minguo yuebao. He wrote more than 30 editorials for this newspaper to criticize Chiang Kai-shek, and to support revolutions.
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