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It is believed that Mars was originally an ancient chthonic god of spring, nature, fertility and cattle. He fused with the Greek Ares and became a god of death and war as well.
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In Rome, his primary temple was on the Capitol, shared with Jupiter and Quirinus. The temple to Mars Ultor ("the avenger") was in the Forum Augustus . Another temple to Mars Gradivus ("he who precedes the army in battle") was where the army gathered before leaving for a war. The Campus Martius ("field of Mars") was dedicated to him; it was where soldiers and athletes trained. Mars was called Mavors in some poetry ( VirgilFor other uses see Virgil (disambiguation). Publius Vergilius Maro ( October 15, 70 19 BC) known in English as Virgil or Vergil Latin poet, is the author of the Eclogues the Georgics and the Aeneid this last being a narrative poem in twelve books that is VIII, 630), and Mamers was his Oscan name.
In the Regia on the Forum Romanum, the hastae Martiae were kept in a small chamber. Any movement of the hastae Martiae, the "lances of Mars," was seen as an omen of war. If Rome was attacking, the generals moved lances and repeated Mars vigila ("Mars awaken").
On March 1March 1 is the 60th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (61st in leap years). There are 305 days remaining. Events BC 29 BC Horace writes the ode Occidit Daci Cotisonis agmen''. AD First thousand years 286 Maximian proclaimed junior Roman emperor., the Feriae Marti was celebrated. On October 19October 19 is the 291st day of the year (292nd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. There are 73 days remaining. Events 202 BC Battle of Zama, resulting in the defeat of Carthage and Hannibal. 439 The Vandals, led by King Gaiseric, take Carthage in N, the ArmilustriumThe Armilustrium was a festival in honor of Mars, the god of war. On this day the weapons of the soldiers were ritually purified and stored for winter. The army would be assembled and reviewed in the Circus Maximus, garlanded with flowers and the trumpets was celebrated; the weapons of the solders were purifed and stored. Every five years, the Suovetaurillia was celebrated; a pig, sheep and bull were sacrificed. On February 27February 27 is the 58th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. There are 307 days remaining, 308 in leap years. Events 1560 The Treaty of Berhick, which would expel the French from Scotland, is signed by England and the Congregation of Scotland 1594 H and March 14March 14 is the 73rd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (74th in Leap years). There are 292 days remaining. Events 1489 The Queen of Cyprus, Catherine Cornaro, sells her kingdom to Venice. 1492 Queen Isabella of Castille ordered her 150 000 Jewish, the horses race of the Equirria were held. On March 23March 23 is the 82nd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (83rd in Leap years). There are 283 days remaining. Events 752 Stephen II becomes Pope. 1568 Peace of Longjumeau ends the Second War of Religion in France. Again Catherine de Medici and Charle, the Tubilustrium was celebrated by purifying weapons and war-trumpets.
Priests of Mars and Quirinus were called Salii ("jumpers"). They were referred to as jumpers because they jumped down streets and sang the Carmen Saliare. A priest of Mars alone was called a flamen Martialis.
In art, Mars is depicted as an armored warrior with a crested helmet. The wolf and woodpecker are sacred to him. His children are Fuga and Timor.
The month of March and the planet of Mars was named after him.
Mars, unlike his Greek counterpart, Ares, was more widely worshipped than any of the other Roman gods, probably because his sons Romulus and Remus were said to have founded Rome; the Romans called themselves sons of Mars. As the consort of Rhea Sylvia and father of Romulus and Remus, Mars was considered the father of the Roman people.
He is associated with Quirinus, said to be the Spirit of Romulus, the founder of the City. Quirinus may have been a Sabine deity, however.
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