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Her parents, members of the Unitarian Church were supporters of women's rights and had been involved in anti-slavery movement. Educated at Packer Collegiate Institute and Radcliffe College, Ovington became involved in the campaign for civil rights in 1890 after hearing Frederick Douglass speak in a Brooklyn church.
In 1895 she helped found the Greenpoint Settlement in Brooklyn. Appointed head of the project the following year, Ovington remained until 1904 when she was appointed fellow of the Greenwich House Committee on Social Investigations . Over the next five years she studied employment and housing problems in black Manhattan. During her investigations she met William Du Bois, an African American from Harvard UniversityHarvard University is a private university in Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA and a member of the Ivy League. It was founded on September 8, 1636 by a vote of the Great and General Court of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, making it the oldest post-secondary s, and she was introduced to the founding members of the Niagara MovementThe Niagara Movement was founded in 1905, by a group of African-Americans, led by W. Du Bois, John Hope, and William Monroe Trotter, who called for full civil liberties, an end to racial discrimination, and recognition of human brotherhood. Their first me.
Influenced by the ideas of William MorrisThis page is about William Morris the writer, designer and socialist. For the industrialist, see William Morris, 1st Viscount Nuffield. For the talent agency, see the William Morris Agency. William Morris ( March 24, 1834 October 3, 1896) was one of the p, Ovington joined the Socialist Party in 1905Events January-April January 22 Massacre of Russian demonstrators at the Winter Palace in Saint Petersburg, one of the triggers of the abortive Russian Revolution of 1905. January 26 The Cullinan Diamond is found near Pretoria, South Africa at the Premier, where she met people such as Daniel De LeonDaniel De Leon ( December 14, 1852 May 11, 1914) was born in Curacao. He was educated in Germany and the Netherlands and arrived in the United States in 1874. De Leon settled in New York, studying at Columbia University. He became a committed socialist an, Asa Philip Randolph, Floyd Dell , Max EastmanMax Forrester Eastman ( January 4, 1883 March 25, 1969) was a leftist American writer. He was born in Canandaigua, New York; both his parents were members of the clergy. Eastman attended Williams College in 1905, two years later moving to Columbia Univers and Jack London, who argued that racial problems were as much a matter of class as of race. She wrote for radical journals and newspapers such as, The Masses , New York Evening Post and The Call . She also worked with Ray Stannard Baker and influenced the content of his book, Following the Color Line ( 1908).
In September 1908 she read an article by William English Walling , entitled Race War in the North, that described the atrocities being carried out against African Americans. Walling ended the article by calling for a powerful body of citizens to come to their aid. Ovington responded to the article by writing to Walling and at a meeting in New York they decided to form the National Association for the Advancement of Coloured People (NAACP). The first meeting of the organization was held on February 12, 1909. Early members included Josephine Ruffin, Mary Talbert , Mary Church Terrell, Inez Milholland, Jane Addams, George Henry White , William Du Bois, Charles Edward Russell , John Dewey, Charles Darrow, Lincoln Steffens, Ray Stannard Baker, Fanny Garrison Villard , Oswald Garrison Villard and Ida Wells-Barnett.
In 1910 she was appointed as executive secretary of the NAACP. The following year she attended the Universal Races Congress in London. Ovington remained active in the struggle for women's suffrage and as a pacifist opposed America's involvement in the First World War. During the war Ovington supported Asa Philip Randolph and his magazine, The Messenger , which campaigned for black civil rights.
After the war Ovington served the National Association for the Advancement of Coloured People as board member, executive secretary and chairman. The NAACP fought a long legal battle against segregation and racial discrimination in housing, education, employment, voting and transportation. They appealed to the Supreme Court to rule that several laws passed by southern states were unconstitutional and won three important judgments between 1915- 1923 concerning voting rights and housing.
The NAACP was criticised by some members of the African American community. Booker T. Washington opposed the group because it proposed an outspoken condemnation of racist policies in contrast to his policy of quiet diplomacy behind the scenes. Members of the organization were physically attacked by white racists. John R. Shillady , executive secretary of the NAACP was badly beaten up when he visited Austin, Texas in 1919.
She wrote several books and articles including a study of black Manhattan, Half a Man ( 1911), Status of the Negro in the United States ( 1913), Socialism and the Feminist Movement ( 1914), an anthology for black children, The Upward Path ( 1919), biographical sketches of prominent African Americans, Portraits in Color ( 1927), an autobiography, Reminiscences ( 1932) and a history of the NAACP, The Walls Come Tumbling Down ( 1947).
Ovington retired as a board member of the National Association for the Advancement of Coloured People in 1947 and in doing so, ended her thirty-eight years service with the organisation.
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