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Mexico City is also the largest city in North America and has one of the largest urban areas in the world; greater Mexico City forms a rough ellipse 40 kilometers east to west and 60 kilometers north to south.
Mexico City is centered at latitude 19° 24' north, longitude 99° 09' west. The city's average elevation is 2,240 meters above sea level (about 7,200 feet).
For the Pre-Columbian history of the city, see: Tenochtitlan.
Much of current area of Mexico City was under the waters of Lake Texcoco until the 16th century.
Spanish Conquistador Hernán Cortés first arrived in the area of the city, then the Aztec capital Tenochtitlan, in 1519Events March 4 Hernan Cortes lands in Mexico. June 28 Charles I of Spain becomes Emperor of Holy Roman Empire as Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor (ruled until 1556). September 20 Ferdinand Magellan leaves Europe to circumnavigate the world. November 8 Hernan, but did not succeed in conquering the city until August 13August 13 is the 225th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (226th in leap years), with 140 days remaining. Events 1500-1899 1521 Tenochtitlan (present day Mexico City) falls to conquistador Hernan Cortes 1704 War of the Spanish Succession: Battle of, 1521Events January 3 Pope Leo X excommunicates Martin Luther. January 28 Diet of Worms begins, lasting until May 25. March 6 Ferdinand Magellan discovers Guam. March 16 Ferdinand Magellan reaches the Philippines. April 7 Ferdinand Magellan arrives at Cebu., after long fierce fighting that destroyed most of the old Aztec city.
Mexico City was built on the ruins of Tenochtitlan and the city became the center of political, religious, economical and cultural power of the Spanish colony, New SpainFlag of New Spain New Spain (in the Spanish language Nueva Espana was the name given to the Spanish colonial territory in North America from c. 1525 to 1821. The Capital of New Spain was Mexico City. New Spain was ruled by a Viceroy appointed by the King. On top of the ruins of the Aztec empire, and very often using materials from destroyed Aztec buildings, the Spanish built a new city. The area between the island and the closest shore to the west was drained and filled in, making the city a peninsula rather than an island. Further draining of the lake allowed further expansion of the city over the ensuing centuries, as Mexico City became the largest city in the Americas, from where all of New SpainFlag of New Spain New Spain (in the Spanish language Nueva Espana was the name given to the Spanish colonial territory in North America from c. 1525 to 1821. The Capital of New Spain was Mexico City. New Spain was ruled by a Viceroy appointed by the King and later the PhilippinesThe Republic of the Philippines is an island nation consisting of an archipelago of 7,107 islands, lying in the tropical western Pacific Ocean about 100 kilometers southeast of mainland Asia. Spain (1521-1898) and the United States (1898-1946), colonized would be governed.
After independence from SpainThe Kingdom of Spain is a country located in the southwest of Europe. It shares the Iberian Peninsula with Portugal, Gibraltar and Andorra. To the northeast, along the Pyrenees mountain range, it borders France and the tiny principality of Andorra. It inc in 1821, Mexico City was briefly the capital of the Mexican Empire under Agustín de Iturbide, and from 1823 on the capital of the Republic of Mexico.
Since independence, the city has twice been occupied by foreign invaders: in 1847 by the United States, during the Mexican-American War; and in 1864 by the French, who for a time installed puppet ruler Maximilian of Habsburg.
In 1873 the first railroad line linking the capital to the coast at Veracruz opened.
Mexico City hosted the 1968 Summer Olympics, during a period of political unrest that led to the Tlatelolco massacre of student protestors immediately preceding the inauguration of the games.
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