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Milk most often means the nutrient fluid produced by the mammary glands of female mammals (including monotremes such as the Australian platypus). It provides the primary source of nutrition for newborns, before they are able to digest more diverse foods. It can also be used to mean the white juice of a coconut and the processed meat of the coconut in, more or less, liquid form. Coconut milk lacks the rich nutritional values of animal milk but is often used in place of animal milk in cookery, especially in varieties of Thai curry and in Polynesian cooking.
Human breast milk is often fed to infants through breastfeeding, either directly or by the female expressing her milk to be saved and fed later.
Non-animal "milk" substitutes are made from soybean manufacturing processes soya milk.
The composition of milk varies greatly among different mammals.
The milk of some mammals, particularly cows, goatA goat is any of several species of medium-sized grazing animal. All goats (and sheep) belong to the subfamily Caprinae of the family Bovidae. In common use, however, goat is usually understood to mean the Domestic Goat Capra aegagrus hircus a subspeciess, water buffalo, horseThis article discusses ungulate mammals. For other meanings of horse see Horse (disambiguation). The Horse Equus caballus is a large ungulate mammal, one of the seven modern species of the genus Equus''. It has long played an important role in transportats, donkeys and sheep is collected for human consumption directly and after pasteurization in more regulated counties, or it is processed into dairy products such as cream, butter, yoghurt, ice-cream, gelato, cheese, casein, lactose, dried milk or parts of milk, and many other food-additive and industrial products.
In Russia and Sweden, small moose dairies exist[1]. Donkey and horse milk have the lowest fat content, while the milk of seals contains more than 50% fat. [2]
Lactose in milk is digested with the help of the enzyme lactase produced by the bodies of infants. In humans, production of lactase falls off towards adulthood (depending on the person's ethnic origin), in many cases to the point where lactose becomes indigestible, leading to lactose intolerance a gastrointestinal condition that afflicts many.
There is some controversy over whether consumption of cow's milk is good for adult humans. While milk is often touted as healthy for its significant amount of calcium, required for healthy bone growth and nerve function, there is some research to suggest that proteins in milk interfere with the use of its calcium to form bones. However breeds of cattle produce milk that is significantly different from that of others as do different mammals' from others. Such factors as the lactose content, the proportion of and size of the butterfat globule and the strength of the curd, formed by the human enzymes digesting the milk, can differ from breed to breed and mammal to mammal.
Milk has also been linked in a small number of studies to osteoporosis, cancer, heart disease, obesity and high blood pressure yet in countries where dairy products are plentiful and cheap, New Zealand and Australia, have no particular indications of those diseases.
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