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( ICOM Statutes, article 2, para. 1. This definition was adopted by the ICOM General Assembly in Copenhagen in 1974.)
Modern museums concentrate on a particular subject, and most museums belong to one or more of the following categories: fine arts, applied arts , archaeology, anthropology, ethnology, history, cultural history, science, technology, natural history. Within these categories many museums specialize further, e.g. museums of modern art, local history, aviation history, ariculture or geology.
Open air museums collect and reerect old buildings at large out-door sites, usually in settings of re-created landscapes of the past. The first one was King Oscar II's collection near Oslo in Norway, opened in 1881. In 1891 Arthur Hazelius founded the famous SkansenSkansen is an open-air museum and zoo located on the island Djurgarden in Stockholm, Sweden. It was founded 1891 by Artur Hazelius to show the way of life in the different parts of Sweden throughout history. External link Official site Stockholm Museums i in StockholmStockholm ['stɔkhɔlm, ˘stɔkhɔlm] is the capital and the largest City of Sweden. The City of Stockholm is administratively a municipality within Stockholm County, the population of the city proper is 761,721 (2004), with, which became the model for subsequent open air museums in Northern and Eastern Europe, and eventually in other parts of the world. Most open air museums are located in regions where wooden architecture prevail, as wooden structures may be translocated without substantial loss of authenticity. A more recent but related idea is realized in the ecomuseums , which originated in FranceThe French Republic or France ( French: Republique francaise or France is a country whose metropolitan territory is located in western Europe, and which is further made up of a collection of overseas islands and territories located in other continents..
Early museums began as princely collections of art and rare or curious natural objects and artefacts.
Interior of the British MuseumThe British Museum is one of the world's greatest and most famous museums. It was established in 1753 by Sir Hans Sloane, a physician and scientist who collected lots of literature and art, on its present site at Montague House in London, United Kingdom,
Museums are usually open to the general public for a fee. Some museums have free entrance, either permanently or on special days, e.g. once per week or year.
The museum is usually run by a curatorA curator of a cultural heritage institution (e. archive, library, museum) is a person who manages the institution's collection. In the United Kingdom it also to applied to government employees who monitor the quality of contract archaeological work under, who has a staff that cares for the objects and arranges their display. Many museums have associated research institutes, which are frequently involved with studies related to the museum's items.
Either the museum itself or an associated institute may organize expeditions to acquire more items or documentation for the museum, an activity famously depicted in the opening of the movie Raiders of the Lost ArkRaiders of the Lost Ark is a feature film released by Paramount Pictures in 1981. Directed by Steven Spielberg, it is a fantasy adventure and the first in a series of film and TV productions about the adventures of the heroic fictional archaeologist India.
Museums may also acquire items through donations, sales or trades. For instance, a museum featuring ImpressionistYou may also be looking for Impressionist (entertainment): In Britain, someone who — usually with humorous intent — adopts the voice and mannerisms of a famous figure. Impressionism was a 19th century art movement, which began as a private association of art may receive a donation of a CubistGeorges Braque, 1913 Cubism was an avant-garde art movement that revolutionised European painting and sculpture in the early 20th century. The essence of cubism is that instead of viewing subjects from a single, fixed angle, the artist breaks them up into work which simply cannot be fit into the museum's exhibits, but it can be used to help acquire a more relevant painting. Larger museums will have an "Acquisitions Department" whose staff is engaged fulltime in this kind of activity.
Museums often cooperate to sponsor joint and often traveling exhibits on particular subjects where one museum may not have a sufficient collection or where the greatest works on a subject are collected. These exhibits have limited engagements and often require an additional entry fee.
The word comes from the Latin museum, which is in turn derived from the Greek mouseion, which refers to a place or temple dedicated to the Muses, the patron divinities in Greek mythology of the arts.
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