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Mustafa Kemal Atatürk ( March 12, 1881 - November 10, 1938), Turkish soldier and statesman, was the founder and first President of the Republic of Turkey. He was born in the Ottoman city of Selânik (previously and currently called Thessaloniki in Greece), where his birthplace is the Turkish Consulate and is also preserved as a museum. In accordance with the then prevalent Turkish custom, he was given the single name Mustafa. His father, Ali Riza (Efendi) was a customs officer who died when Mustafa was a child, his mother was Zübeyde (Hanim).1 Early career
Ataturk studied at the military secondary school in Greece, where he was given the additional name Kemal ("perfection") by his math teacher in recognition of his academic brilliance. As Mustafa Kemal he entered the military academy at Monastir (now Bitola) in 1895. He graduated as a lieutenant in 1905 and was posted to Damascus. He soon joined a secret society of reform-minded officers called Vatan (Fatherland) and became an active opponent of the Ottoman regime. In 1907 he was posted to Selânik and joined the Committee of Union and Progress commonly known as the Young Turks.
The Young Turks seized power from the Sultan Abdul Hamid IIAbd-ul-Hamid II also Abdulhamid Abdul Hamid Abd al-Hamid II or Abdul-Hamid ( September 21, 1842 February 10, 1918) was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire, from August 31, 1876 April 27, 1909. He was the son of Sultan Abd-ul-Mejid, and succeeded to the thron in 19081908 is a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). Events January-February January 1 A ball signifying New Year's Day drops in New York City's Times Square for the first time January 8 A train collision occurs in the Park Avenue T, and Kemal, became a senior military figure. In 19111911 is a common year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar). Events January-June January 1 Northern Territory is separated from South Australia January 3 In London, a shootout between Russian anarchists and the Scots Guard January 10 Major Jimmi he went to the province of LibyaThis article is about Libya, the country in North Africa. For the mythical character of the same name see: Libya (mythology . The Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya or Libya ( Arabic: ) is a country in North Africa, bordering the Mediterranea to take part in the defence against the ItalianThe Italian Republic or Italy ( Italian: Italia is a country in the south of Europe, consisting mainly of a boot-shaped peninsula together with two large islands in the Mediterranean Sea: Sicily and Sardinia. To the north, where it borders France, Switzer invasion. During the first part of the Balkan WarsThe Balkan Wars were two wars in South-eastern Europe in 1912- 1913 in the course of which the Balkan League ( Serbia, Montenegro, Greece and Bulgaria) first conquered Ottoman-held Macedonia and most of Thrace and then fell out over the division of the sp Kemal was stranded in Libya and unable to take part, but in July 19131913 is a common year starting on Wednesday. click on link for calendar) Events January-March January 30 House of Lords rejects Irish Home Rule Bill February 1 New York City's Grand Central Station opens as the world's largest train station. February 3 Th he returned to IstanbulMunicipality's Logo Istanbul ( Turkish spelling: İstanbul) is the largest city in Turkey. Until 1930 this city was commonly known by its original Greek name Constantinople by westerners; some writings named it Stambul especially in the 19th century. and was appointed commander of the Ottoman defences of the Gallipoli area on the coast of Thrace. In 1914 he was appointed military attache in Sofia, partly to remove him from the capital and its political intrigues.
