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The mission was the result of planning that began during World War I, when Allied shipping was threatened by submarine warfare. Designs were started for an airplane capable of flying from the United States to Europe on its own power.
The planes were not finished and tested until after the war was over. The US Navy decided to try a demonstration of trans-Atlantic flight none the less.
The NC-4 was the fourth of the Navy's initial series of four large Curtiss NC Flying Boats constructed for the Navy by the Curtiss Aeroplane and Motor Company. The NC-4 made its first test flight on 30 April, 1919.
The Navy Transatlantic flying expedition began on 8 May. The NC-4 was originally in the company of two other NC Flying Boats, the NC-1 and the NC-3. They left Long Island, New York, then stopped in NewfoundlandThis is about the island in Canada. For the Canadian province of Newfoundland see Newfoundland and Labrador. For other meanings of Newfoundland see Newfoundland (disambiguation). Newfoundland is a large island off the north-east coast of North America, an before leaving on 16 May for the longest leg of their journey, the flight to the AzoresThe Azores (or Acores in Portuguese) are an archipelago of Portuguese islands situated in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean, about 1,500 km from Lisbon and about 3,900 km from the east coast of North America. The nine Azorean Islands extend for more than 6, reached 15 hours later. The NC-1 and the NC-3 were both forced to land at sea due to rough weather; the crews were rescued by ships. After delays for repairs, the NC-4 took off again and landed in LisbonLisbon (in Portuguese, Lisboa is the capital and largest city of Portugal. It is the seat of the district of Lisbon. Geography and Location Lisbon is situated at 38 degrees, 43 minutes north, and 9 degrees, 8 mintes west. It is located in the west of the, PortugalRepublica Portuguesa ( In Detail) National motto: None Official language Portuguese 3 Capital Lisbon President Jorge Sampaio Prime Minister Pedro Santana Lopes Area Total % water World ranking: 109th 92,391 kmē0. 5 % Population Total ( 2004) Density World on 27 May, becoming the first airplane to cross the ocean under its own power, with 26 hours total flying time. The NC-4 later flew on to EnglandEngland is the largest, the most populous, and the most densely populated of the four " Home Nations" which make up the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (UK). Occupying the south-eastern portion of the island of Great Britain, England, arriving in PlymouthThis article is about Plymouth, England. For articles about other uses of Plymouth, see Plymouth (disambiguation). Plymouth (Latitude: 50°25N, Longitude: 4°5W) is a city and unitary authority in South West England, situated in the traditional county of De on 31 May to great fanfare.
The crew of the NC-4 was Albert Cushing Read, commander/navigator; Walter Hinton and Elmer F. Stone, pilots, James L. Breese and Eugene S Rhoads , flight engineers, and Herbert C Rodd , radio operator. Initially E.H. Howard, was to go as a flight engineer, but Howard lost a hand in a propeller accident at the start of the mission, and was replaced by Rhoads.
Crew of the NC-4, posing before the start of the flight
Left to right: Read, Stone, Hinton, Rodd, Howard, Breese.
After arrving in Plymouth, the NC-4 flew on to make an appearance at London. The plane and crew then made a triumphal tour of England and France for two weeks; they then returned to the United States -- by ship. Following this they made a goodwill tour of the United States.
The NC-4 is now preserved in the Naval Aviation Museum in Pensacola, Florida.
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