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The nationals of a state generally possess the right of abode in the territory of the state they are nationals of, though there are some exceptions (e.g. British Nationality Law).
Nationality must be distinguished from citizenship: citizens have rights to participate in the political life of the state of which they are a citizen, such as by voting or standing for election; while nationals need not have these rights, though normally they do.
Traditionally under international law, determining who its nationals are was the exclusive competence of the state in question. However there were nonetheless many similarities in the laws of each nation, and today the law of nationality is increasingly coming under regulation, e.g. by the various conventions on statelessness, and the European Convention on Nationality.
Nationality can generally be acquired by jus soli, jus sanguinis or naturalization.
Some countries do not permit dual nationality while others only allow limited dual citizenship (e.g. Indian nationality law). A person who is not a national of any state is referred to as a stateless person.
The nationality of a legal person (e.g. a corporation) is generally the state under whose laws the legal person is registered.
In the context of former Yugoslavia, nationality is used as translation of narodnost, which was term used for ethnic minoritiesIn sociology and in voting theory, a minority is a sub- group that is outnumbered by persons who do not belong to it. Minority only makes sense in the context of a unified society or group. This can be used to refer to people of a different language, nati.
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