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This article discusses camps created by Nazis in Germany and in the occupied countries during the WWII.

Concentration camps (Konzentrationslager or KZ) rose to notoriety during their use in by Nazi Germany. The Nazi regime nominally maintained both kinds of concentration camps, labor camps - since the beginning of their regime in 1933 - and extermination camps. In fact, it is difficult to draw a distinction line between the two categories. Prisoners in many Nazi labor camps could expect to be worked to death in short order, while prisoners in extermination camps usually died sooner in gas chambers or in other ways. Guards were known to engage in target practice, using their prisoners as targets.

The first Nazi camps were within Germany, and were primarily work camps. The worst excesses, including the murder of Jews, homosexuals, gypsies, Jehovah's Witnesses, Polish intellectuals, Soviet Prisoners of War and others, were to come later in the war at the area of General Government. (See Holocaust, genocide.) It is estimated that up to ten million people died in Nazi concentration camps, of them six million were killed in the 15 larger ones.

1 Major Nazi Concentration Camps and Camp Complexes

Name of the camp	Country (today)	Type of camp	Operation time	Estimated number of prisoners	Estimated number of deaths
Auschwitz-BirkenauAuschwitz is the name used for a group of concentration camps, derived from the Germanized form of the nearby Polish town of Oswiecim, situated about 60 km southwest of Krakow. Beginning in 1940, Nazi Germany built several concentration camps and an exter	Poland	Extermination and labor camp	April 1940Events January-February January 5 FM radio is demonstrated to the FCC for the first time. January 6 World War II: Mass execution of Poles, committed by Germans in the Poznan, Warthegau. January 12 World War II: Russia bombs cities in Finland. February 2 F - January 1945Events January January 5 The Soviet Union recognizes the new pro-Soviet government of Poland. January 7 British General Bernard Montgomery holds a press conference in which he claims credit for victory in the Battle of the Bulge. January 12 World War II:	400,000	1,100,000 - 1,500,000
Belzec	Poland	Extermination camp	March 1942Events January January 1 World War II: The word " United Nations" is first officially used to describe the Allied pact. January 2 World War II: Manila is captured by Japanese forces. January 5 Amy Johnson disappears in flight over River Thames estuary ass - June 19431943 is the common year starting on Friday. Events January January 4 End of term for Culbert Olson, 29th Governor of California. He is succeeded by Earl Warren. January 11 The United States and United Kingdom give up territorial rights in China. January 1		600,000
Bergen-BelsenBergen-Belsen sometimes referred to as just Belsen was a German concentration camp in the Nazi era. It was located in Lower Saxony, southwest of the town of Bergen near Celle. It was started in 1940 as a POW camp. Until spring 1942, about 18,000 Soviet so	Germany	Collective point	April 1943 - April 1945		70,000
Breitenau	Germany	"Eaely wild camp", then labor camp	June 1933 - March 1934, 1940 - 1945	470; 8500
Buchenwald	Germany	Labor camp	July 1937 - April 1945	250,000	56,000
Chelmno	Poland	Extermination camp	December 1941 - April 1943; April 1944 - January 1945		340,000
Dachau	Germany	Labor camp	March 1933 - April 1945	200,000	min. 30,000
Flossenbürg	Germany	Labor camp	May 1938 - April 1945	min. 100,000	30,000
Gross-Rosen	Germany	Labor camp	August 1940 - February 1945	125,000	40,000
Hinzert	Germany	Collective point and Labor camp	July 1940 - March 1945	14,000	min. 302
Janówska	Ukraine	Extermination and labor camp	September 1941 - November 1943
Kaiserwald	Latvia	Labor camp	March 1943 - September 1944
Langenstein Zwieberge	Germany	Labor camp	April 1944 - April 1945	5,000	2,000
Le Vernet	France	Internment camp	1939 - 1944
Majdanek (KZ Lublin)	Poland	Extermination camp	July 1941 - July 1944		min. 200,000
Maly Trostenets	Belarus	Extermination camp	July 1941 - June 1944		200,000-500,000
Mauthausen-Gusen	Austria	Labor camp	August 1938 - May 1945	195,000	min. 95,000
Mittelbau-Dora	Germany	Labor camp	September 1943 - April 1945	60,000	min. 20,000
Natzweiler-Struthof	France	Labor camp	May 1941 - September 1944	40,000	25,000
Neuengamme	Germany	Labor camp	June 1940 - May 1945	106,000	55,000
Niederhagen (Wewelsburg)	Germany	Labor camp	September 1941 - early 1943	3,900	1,285
Oranienburg	Germany	Collective point	March 1933 - July 1934	3,000	min. 16
Osthofen	Germany	Collective point	March 1933 - July 1934
Plaszow	Poland	Labor camp	December 1942 - January 1945	(min. 150,000)	(min. 9,000)
Ravensbrück	Germany	Labor camp	May 1939 - April 1945	150,000	(min. 90,000)
Sachsenhausen	Germany	Labor camp	July 1936 - April 1945	min. 200,000	(100,000)
Sobibór	Poland	Extermination camp	May 1942 - October 1943		250,000
Stutthof	Poland	Labor camp	September 1939 - May 1945	110,000	65,000
Theresienstadt (Terezín)	Czech Republic	Transit camp and Ghetto	November 1941 - May 1945	140,000	35,000
Treblinka	Poland	Extermination camp	July 1942 - November 1943		min. 800,000
Warsaw	Poland	Labour and extermination camp	1942 - 1944	Up to 40,000	Up to 200,000
Westerbork	Netherlands	Collective point	October 1939 - April 1945	102,000

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