 |
Business | Industries | Finance | Tax |
| Index: > A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z |
|
|||||
| First Prev [ 1 2 3 4 ] Next Last |
Nicholas's full name was Nikolai Alexandrovich RomanovThe House of Romanov pr. Rah-MAH-nof), the last ruling dynasty of Russia's imperial era, ruled Russia for ten generations from 1613 to 1917. The House came to power with the election of Mikhail Feodorovitch Romanov as ruler of Russia in 1613 following a p (in RussianRussian /'ruski j'zk/) is the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages. Russian belongs to the group of Indo-European languages, and is therefore related to Sanskrit, Greek, and Latin, as well as the modern Germanic, Romance, and Celtic languages, inclu Николáй Алексáндрович Ромáнов). His official title was: Nicholas II, Emperor and Autocrat of All the Russians, &c.1 The title TsarTsar ( Bulgarian Russian often spelt Czar or Tzar in English), was the title used for the rulers of the First and Second Bulgarian Empires from 913 and in Russia from 1547 to 1917. It is derived from the Latin title Caesar. History of usage The title tsar (or Czar), derived from the RomanRoman or Romans has several meanings, primarily related to the Roman citizens but also applicable to typography math and a commune''. Roman The noun Roman means a citizen of Rome. The adjective Roman means pertaining or related to Rome. The name Romans in title CaesarCaesar (p. Caesares is a title of imperial character. It derives from the cognomen of Gaius Iulius Caesar ("Julius Caesar"), the Roman dictator who was famously murdered on the Ides of March, 44 BC. The change from being a familial name to an imperial tit via the Byzantine form Kaisar, had been officially abolished in 1721 by Peter the Great, but it was informally used throughout Nicholas's reign.
The son of Emperor Alexander II and his Empress Marie Feodorovna (born Princess Dagmar of Denmark), Nicholas was the grandson of Christian IX of Denmark through his mother, and of Emperor Alexander II through his father. Nicholas was generally seen as too soft by his hard, demanding father, who, not anticipating his own premature death, did nothing to prepare his son for the crown that would one day be his. Nicholas fell in love with Princess Alix of Hesse and by Rhine, a granddaughter of Queen Victoria, but his faot approve the match, hoping instead for a marriage with a princess of the House of Orléans to consummate Russia's newfound alliance with the French Republic. Only when Nicholas' father, Alexander III, was in his death bed, did he consent to the marriage of Nicholas to the German princess, fearing the succession of the Romanov Dynasty.
As Tsarevich, Nicholas also did a fair amount of traveling, including a notable trip to the Far East, which left him with a scar in his forehead after a crazed Japanese man nearly killed him were it not for the quick actions of his cousin, Prince George of Greece. After the event, Nicholas returned to St. Petersburg with a bitter hatred of the Empire of the Rising Sun.
Nicholas assumed the throne in 1894, on the death of his father. Immediately thereafter, Nicholas married Alix (thenceforth Empress Alexandra Feodorovna). They had five children: the Grand Duchesses Olga, Tatiana, Maria (or Marie) and Anastasia, and the Tsarevich Alexei.
At the coronation day in Moscow in 1895 there were folk festivities in which several thousand people were trampled to death trying to get presents from the Emperor. Nicholas learned about the catastrophe later that day, but did not cancel his coronation ball in the night, which was seen by many to be a bad sign for his future. Nicholas had not been well prepared to rule. His father had died at a fairly young age, leaving Nicholas unprepared for his future tasks. His engagement to Princess Alix only slightly preceded his father's death, and his wedding came very shortly after the last ceremony of his father's funeral. He then faced the task of being autocrat of Russia in a time of major turmoil.
Nicholas relied heavily on the advice of his uncles, the Grand Dukes (brothers of the late Alexander III), and also on his wife's first cousin, Kaiser Wilhelm. This advice was often more in the interests of "cousin Willy", who hoped in particular to prevent closer relations between Russia and Britain, than of Nicholas. An ill-conceived war with Japan ( 1904– 1905) cost Russia dearly, but fear of a wider conflagration contributed to the very Anglo-Russian Entente which Wilhelm feared.
In addition to a tumultuous international situation, Nicholas also faced deep domestic difficulties. His grandfather, Tsar Alexander II, had been assassinated by a bomb set by revolutionaries, even though he had done much to improve the situation in the country. The purpose of the revolutionaries, however, was to achieve power not through the existing regime, but by toppling it altogether. When he was a child, Nicholas, along with his family, survived an assassination attempt by a bomb on a train. Defeat by Japan emboldened the regime's internal opponents, unleashing the Russian Revolution of 1905, during which organized strikes and explosive local uprisings forced Nicholas to concede an indirectly-elected national assembly, or Duma, in the October Manifesto.
| Politics | Business | Finance |
 |
 |
 |
|