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Nijmegen | |
| Country | Netherlands |
| Province | Gelderland |
| Area - Land - Water | 72.33 km² 70.28 km² 2.05 km² |
| Population 2004 - Density | 157,473 2241/km² |
Nijmegen (obsolete spellings: Nijmwegen, Nymegen, Nieumeghen — known in German as Nimwegen, French as Nimègue, and Spanish as Nimega) is a municipality and a city in the east of the Netherlands, near the German border.
The municipality is formed by the city of Nijmegen, incorporating the former villages of Hatert , Hees and Neerbosch , as well as the Waalsprong , that lies to the north of the river Waal, including the village of Lent and the new suburbs of Nijmegen-Oosterhout and Nijmegen-Ressen.
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Nijmegen is famous for the International Four Days Marches Nijmegen, an annual event starting on the third Tuesday in July, comprising four days of walking (distances ranging from 30 to 50 km a day), and the accompanying festivities, which have been drawing the largest crowds for any Dutch event in the past few years. [1]
The Radboud University Nijmegen (formerly Katholieke Universiteit) is located in Nijmegen.
The first mention of Nijmegen in history is in the 0s BC, when the Romans built a military camp on the place where Nijmegen was to appear; the location had great strategic value because of the surrounding hills, which gave (and give) a good view over the Waal and RhineAt 1,320 km (820 miles), the Rhine River ( German Rhein French Rhin Dutch Rijn is one of the longest rivers in Europe. Its name is derived from the Celtic word renos (meaning "raging flow"). Together with the Danube it formed most of the northern frontier valley.
By 69Alternate uses, see Number 69 Centuries: 1st century BC 1st century 2nd century Decades: 10s 20s 30s 40s 50s 60s 70s 80s 90s 100s 110s Years: 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 Events The Year of the four emperors: After Nero's death, Galba, Otho and Vitell, when the Batavians, the original inhabitants of the Rhine and Maas valley, revolted, a village called Oppidum Batavorum had formed near the Roman camp. This village was destroyed in the revolt, but when the revolt had ended, the Romans built another, bigger camp, where the Legio X GeminaLegio X Gemina the twin legion was levied by Julius Caesar on 58 BC, for his invasion of Gaul. There are still records of the X Gemina in Vienna in the beginning of the 5th century AD. The legion symbol is a bull. Early on its history, the legion was call was stationed. Soon after, another village formed around this camp.
In 103Alternate uses, see Number 103''. Events Pliny the Younger becomes a member of the college of Augurs 104). Legio X Gemina moves to Vienna, where it remains until the 5th century. Births Deaths Frontinus, Roman author 103., the Legio X Gemina was removed to ViennaThis article is about the city and federal state in Austria. For other places or things called Vienna, see Vienna (disambiguation). Vienna ( German: Wien [viːn]) is the capital of Austria, and also one of Austria's nine federal states Bundesland Wi, which was a major blow to the economy of the village around its camp. To soften the blow, in 104Alternate uses, see Number 104''. Events Pliny the Younger is a member of the college of Augurs ( 103-104). Nijmegen is given market rights by Trajan, as Ulpia Noviomagus Batavorum''. Births Deaths 104., Emperor Trajan gave market rights to the village, which officially became known as Ulpia Noviomagus Batavorum. Hence, Nijmegen. Few Roman remains are visible today; a fragment of the old city wall can be seen near the casino, and the foundations of the amphitheatre are traced in the paving of the present-day Rembrandtstraat. However, the Museum Kam, now part of the Valkhof Museum, has a large collection of Roman artifacts that have been dug up over the ages.
In the 4th century, Roman power decreased and Nijmegen became part of the Frankish kingdom. In the 8th century, Emperor Charlemagne built a castle in Nijmegen, which marked the start of an era of prosperity for Nijmegen.
Thanks to the Waal river, trade flourished and in 1230, Nijmegen was given city rights by Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor. In 1247, the city was ceded to the count of Guelders as safety for a loan. The loan was never repaid, and Nijmegen has been a part of Gelderland ever since. This did not hamper trade; Nijmegen even became part of the Hanseatic League in 1364.
The arts also flourished in this period. Famous medieval painters the Limbourg brothers were born and educated in Nijmegen.
During the Dutch Revolt, trade came to a halt and even though Nijmegen became a part of the Republic of United Provinces in 1585, it remained a border town and had to endure multiple sieges. There were some highlights, though, such as the Treaty of Nijmegen ( 1678).
In the second half of the 19th century, the fortifications around the city became a major problem; there were too many inhabitants inside the walls, but the fortifications could not be demolished because Nijmegen was deemed as being of vital importance to the defence of the Netherlands. When, however, events in the Franco-Prussian war proved that old-fashioned fortifications were no more of use, this policy was changed and the fortifications were dismantled in 1874. The old castle had already been demolished in 1797, so that its bricks could be sold.
Through the second half of the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century, Nijmegen grew steadily. The Waal was bridged in 1878 by a rail bridge and in 1936 by a car bridge, in 1923 the current Radboud University Nijmegen was founded and in 1927 a channel was dug between the Waal and Maas rivers.
In 1940, the Netherlands were invaded by Germany and Nijmegen was the first city to fall into their hands. In 1944, Nijmegen was heavily bombed by American planes (allegedly the pilots thought they were bombing the German city of Kleve, although it has also been claimed to have been a deliberate act), which caused great damage to the city centre. Later in 1944, the city saw heavy fighting during Operation Market Garden.
The current mayor is Mrs Guusje Ter Horst.
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