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| "http://www.economicexpert.com/a/Africa.htm">Africa | ||||
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| Elevation of the source | "http://www.economicexpert.com/a/Uganda.htm">Uganda - Sudan - Egypt m | |||
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The Nile ( Arabic: النيل an-nil), in Africa, is one of the two longest rivers on Earth. Whether the Nile is longer than South America's Amazon still remains the subject of much debate. This is, for the most part, due to two reasons: first, the lengths of rivers vary over time (especially in plains, where rivers often change course), and, second, the point from which the length of a river is measured is not always agreed upon. The Nile lost several miles of meanders in Nubia when Lake Nasser was formed.
Lake Victoria in Uganda is commonly considered to be the source of the Nile, although the lake itself has feeder rivers of considerable size from the other Great Lakes. In particular, the farthest headstream of the Nile is the Ruvyironza River in Burundi, which is an upper branch of the Kagera River. The Kagera flows for 690 km (429 miles) before reaching Lake Victoria.Leaving Lake Victoria, the river is known as the Victoria Nile. It flows further for approximately 500 km (300 miles), through Lake KyogaLake Kyoga is a large shallow lake of Uganda, about 1,720 sq km in area and at an elevation of 914 m. The Victoria Nile flows through the lake on its way from Lake Victoria to Lake Albert. While it is part of Great Lakes system, it is not itself considere, until it reaches Lake AlbertLake Albert also Albert Nyanza and formerly Lake Mobutu Sese Seko is one of the Great Lakes of Africa. It is Africa's seventh largest lake. Lake Albert is located in the centre of the continent, on the border between Uganda and the Democratic Republic of. After leaving Lake Albert, the river is known as the Albert Nile. It then flows into Sudan, where it becomes known as the Bahr al JabalBahr al Jabal is one of the 26 wilayat or states of Sudan, with an area of 22,956 km2. It is in tne south of Sudan and is named for the tributary of the White Nile that flows through the wilayat. Juba is the capital of the state. States of Sudan.. At the confluence of the Bahr al Jabal with the Bahr el GhazalThe Bahr el Ghazal is both a river and a region of southwestern Sudan, the region taking its name from the river. The name means "Gazelle River" in Arabic. The river flows about 805 km (500 miles) east to Lake No, where it joins the Bahr el Jebel to form, itself 720 km (445 miles) long, the river beomes known as the Bahr al Abyad, or the White Nile, from the clay suspended in its waters. From there, the river flows to Khartoum.
Meanwhile, the Blue Nile (or Bahr al Azraq) springs from Lake Tana in the Ethiopian Highlands . The Blue Nile flows about 1,400 km (850 miles) to Khartoum, where the Blue Nile and White Nile join to form "the Nile".
After the Blue and White Niles merge, the only remaining major tributary is the Atbara River, which originates in Ethiopia north of Lake Tana, and is approximately 800 km (500 miles) long. It joins the Nile approximately 300 km (200 miles) past Khartoum.
The Nile then reaches the man-made Lake Nasser, impounded behind the Aswan High Dam 270 km (170 miles) into Egypt from the Sudanese border. From there the main channel flows north through Egypt and into the Mediterranean Sea; a side channel, the Bahr Yussef , splits from the main channel downriver from the city of Asyut, and empties into the Fayum. Where the Nile meets the Mediterranean, the Nile Delta, is the eponym of all river deltas worldwide. Enrichment from Nile sediments carried eastward by currents nurture the fishing industries of the Eastern Mediterranean.
From its most remote headstream — the Ruvyironza — to the Mediterranean, the Nile is approximately 6695 km (4160 miles) long. Measuring instead from Lake Victoria gives a length of approximately 5584 km (3470 miles). It drains approximately 2.8 million to 3.4 million km² (1.1 million to 1.3 million mile²).
The Nile (iteru in Ancient Egyptian) was the lifeline of the ancient Egyptian civilization, with most of the population and all of the cities of Egypt in the Nile valley . It still supports much of the population of Egypt, living between otherwise inhospitable regions of the Sahara Desert. The river flooded every spring, depositing fertile soil on the fields. The flow of the river is disturbed at several points by cataracts, which are sections of faster flowing water with many small islands, shallow water, and rocks, forming an obstacle to navigation by boats. The first cataract, the closest to the mouth of the river, is at Aswan to the north of the Aswan Dams. The Nile north of Aswan is a regular tourist route, with cruise ships and traditional wooden sailing boats known as feluccas.
While most Egyptians still live in the Nile valley, the construction of the Aswan High Dam (finished in 1970) to provide hydroelectricity ended the spring floods and their renewal of the fertile soil.
Cities on the Nile include Khartoum, Aswan, Luxor ( Thebes), and the Giza– Cairo conurbation.
Despite the attempts of the Greeks and Romans (who were unable to penetrate the Sudd), the source of the Nile was unknown until the 19th century, when John Hanning Speke was the first to identify it as Lake Victoria. Various earlier expeditions since ancient times had failed to determine the source, thus the classical Hellenistic and Roman representations of the river as a male river god with his head obscured in drapery.
The word "Nile" comes from the word Neilos (Νειλος), a Greek name for the Nile. Another Greek name for the Nile was Aigyptos (Αιγυπτος), which itself is the source of the name "Egypt".
The Nile has been the lifeline for Egyptian culture since the Stone Age. The annual flood was personified by the god Hapy, who was associated with fertility and regeneration.
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