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| National Motto: | |||||
| Official language | English | ||||
| Capital | Kingston ¹ | ||||
| Largest city | Burnt Pine ² | ||||
| Chief of State | Queen Elizabeth II | ||||
| Chief Minister | Geoffrey Robert Gardner | ||||
| Area - Total - % water | Ranked 6th ( Australia) 34.6 km² 0% | ||||
| Population - Total - Density | Ranked 232nd ( July 2004) 1,841 53.2 km² | ||||
| Independence | territory of Australia | ||||
| GDP | N.A. | ||||
| Currency | Australian dollar (AUD) | ||||
| Time zone | UTC +11½ | ||||
| National anthem | Advance Australia Fair | ||||
| Internet TLD | .nf | ||||
| Calling Code | 672 | ||||
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Norfolk Island is an island in the Pacific Ocean located between Australia, New Zealand and New Caledonia, and is one of Australia's external territories. The island is 34 km². The Norfolk Island pine, also pictured in the flag, is a very striking evergreen tree that originates from the island and is quite popular in Australia.
The first European known to have sighted the island was Captain James Cook, in 1774, on his second voyage to the South Pacific. There is some evidence of earlier settlement by Polynesians. The British established their first penal colony on the island ( 1788- 1814) to prevent the island falling into French hands. That colony was abandoned when it failed to be self-supporting. A second penal colony was set-up in 1825 and lasted until 1855. Its purpose was one of incarceration of hardened criminals. It is said that convicts went to the gallows glad to be released from the Hell on Earth that was Norfolk Island.
In 1856, the island was resettled by Pitcairn Islanders, descendants of Tahitians and the HMAV Bountyfor other meaning see Mutiny on the Bounty (disambiguation) 29 April 1789 The Mutiny on the Bounty was a historical event in the late 18th century, most widely known through fiction, of an officer and part of the crew of a British Royal Navy ship rebellin mutineers.
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