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Home > North Africa

North Africa is vastly more uniform ethnically than anywhere in Africa south of the Sahara. It is principally inhabited by Arabs and Berbers, who are scarcely distinguishable physically. The Berbers are the indigenous people in the Maghreb, but their origins are not entirely clear.

Though North African culture as well as its people have both African and Middle Eastern roots, most North Africans are either Arabic or Berber-speaking Muslims (or, in the Copts' case, Christians).

Some North African countries, particularly Egypt and Libya, often get included in common definitions of the Middle East due to continuous contacts with the Middle East. In addition, the Sinai PeninsulaSinai Peninsula, Gulf of Suez (west), Gulf of Aqaba (east) from Space Shuttle STS-40 The Sinai Peninsula (in Arabic, Shibh Jazirat Sina is a triangle-shaped peninsula lying between the Mediterranean Sea (to the north) and Red Sea (to the south). Its land of Egypt is in AsiaThe continent of Asia is defined by subtracting Europe and Africa from the great land mass of Africa-Eurasia. The boundaries are vague, especially between Asia and Europe: Asia and Africa meet somewhere near the Suez Canal. The boundary between Asia and E, and is thus unquestionably part of the Middle East.

1 Modern territories of northern Africa

• AlgeriaAlgeria is a country in northern Africa with a coast on the Mediterranean Sea along the north and bordered by Tunisia in the northeast, Libya in the east, Niger in the southeast, Mali and Mauritania in the southwest, and Morocco in the west (the Moroccan
• CeutaCiudad Autonoma de Ceuta Area total 28 km² Population Total (2003) Density 76 152 2719. 71/km² Demonym English Spanish ceut Statute of Autonomy March 14, 1995 ISO 3166-2ES-CE Parliamentaryrepresentation Congress seats Senate seats 12 President Juan Jesus
• Egypt
• Libya
• MelillaCiudad Autonoma de Melilla Area total 20 km² Population Total (2003) Density 69,184 3459. 2/km² Demonym English Spanish melillense Statute of Autonomy March 14, 1995 ES-ML Parliamentaryrepresentation Congress seats Senate seats 12 President Juan Jose Imbr
• Morocco
• Sudan
• Tunisia
• Western Sahara

Sometimes Ethiopia, Eritrea, and Mauritania are considered to be a part of this region.

2 History

Originally, much of North Africa was inhabited by black Africans, including Upper Egypt, as demonstrated by Saharan rock art throughout the region; however, this does not appear to have been the case in the Maghreb and Lower Egypt, which were inhabited by white Africans speaking Afro-Asiatic languages. Following the desiccation of the Sahara, most black Africans migrated South into East and West Africa.

After the Middle Ages, the area was loosely under the control of the Ottoman Empire, except Morocco. After the 19th century, it was colonized by France, the United Kingdom, Spain and Italy. During the 1950's and 60's, and into the 1970's, all of the North African states gained independence, except for a few small Spanish colonies on the far northern tip of Morocco and West Sahara, which continues to be occupied by Morocco.

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Topics: North Africa Egypt Sahara Middle Morocco East Africans African...

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