 |
Business | Industries | Finance | Tax |
| Index: > A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z |
|
|||||
| First Prev [ 1 2 ] Next Last |
The system originated in feudal society, with peasants allotted strips of land by a landowner in exchange for their military support. The system was perpetuated by the tithe whereby a tenth of a villager's produce would be donated to the landowner (generally the Church).
Each village would be surrounded by several large open fields, usually not physically divided from each other, with each field containing a different crop as part of a three field crop rotation. The fields would be split into a number of furlongs (200 m), each of which would be subdivided into strips covering an area of half an acre (2,000 mē) or less. Each villager was allocated a set number of strips in each field (traditionally about thirty) which they would subsistence farm. The strips were generally allocated in a public meeting at the start of the year. The individual holdings were widely scattered, so that no single farmer would end up with all the good or bad land.
In addition to the three fields, there would be common land where the villagers would graze their livestock, woodland for the pigThe domestic pig is usually given the scientific name Sus scrofa though some authors call it S. domesticus reserving S. scrofa for the wild boar. It has been a domesticated animal for approximately 5,000 to 7,000 years. The animal is found across Europe,s, and a communal village greenA village green is an area of common grass land at the centre of a settlement. Some may also have a pond. Greens are increasingly rare and are mainly to be found in the older villages of mainland Europe, and the United Kingdom. Everyone has the right to g for social events. The ploughed fields could also be used for grazing outside the growing season.
As populations increased, the available land diminished as more strips were required. Slowly, the open field system become unworkable. From the late Middle Ages onwards, a gradual movement towards consolidation took place as small plots were amalgamated into fewer but larger holdings, with a corresponding increase in the power of the landowners.
In EnglandEngland is the largest, the most populous, and the most densely populated of the four " Home Nations" which make up the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (UK). Occupying the south-eastern portion of the island of Great Britain, England in the 1530sCenturies: 15th century 16th century 17th century Decades: 1480s 1490s 1500s 1510s 1520s 1530s 1540s 1550s 1560s 1570s 1580s Years: 1530 1531 1532 1533 1534 1535 1536 1537 1538 1539 Events and Trends Spanish conquest of Peru Beginning of colonization of B, tithes were reallocated to the Crown as part of the Dissolution of the MonasteriesThe Dissolution of the Monasteries (sometimes called the Suppression of the Monasteries was the formal process, taking place between 1536 and 1540, by which King Henry VIII confiscated the property of the Roman Catholic institutions in England for himself, and the land sold off to private owners. The high price of woolThis article is about wool, the fiber. For alternative meanings see Wool (disambiguation). Wool is the fiber derived from the hair of domesticated animals, usually sheep. Material Most of the fiber from domestic sheep has two qualities that distinguish it at the time led to large areas of land being enclosed for sheepThis article is about the animal; for other meanings of Sheep see Sheep (disambiguation). A sheep is any of several woolly ruminant quadrupeds, but most commonly the Domestic Sheep Ovis aries , which probably descends from the wild urial of south-central farming. Poor harvests in the late 17th century16th century 17th century 18th century more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 17th century was that century which lasted from 1601- 1700. During this period, the power of England and the United Provinces increased; while that of called for a rethinking of current farming techniques, and the subsequent agricultural revolution sounded the death knell for open field farming in Britain, with new developments in farming practices requiring larger enclosed areas to be workable.
Throughout the 19th century, the developments in Britain were exported across the world, and the various contributions made upon the working population by warfare and increased mechanization finally finished the open field system off.
Uniquely in England, the open field system continues to be used in the village of Laxton in Nottinghamshire. It is thought that its anomalous survival is due to two early 19th century landowners' inability to agree on how the land was to be enclosed, thus resulting in the perpetuation of the status quo.
| Politics | Business | Finance |
 |
 |
 |
|