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Home > Origin of life

Research into the origin of life is a limited field of research despite its profound impact on biology and human understanding of our world. Progress in this field is slow and sporadic, but it still draws the attention of many. A few facts give insight into the conditions in which life may have emerged, but the mechanisms by which non-life became life are elusive.

For the observed evolution of life on earth, see the timeline of life.

1 History of the concept: abiogenesis

Main article: Abiogenesis

Research into the origin of life is the modern incarnation of the ancient concept of abiogenesis. Abiogenesis, in its most general sense, is the generation of life from non-living matter. The term is primarily used in the context of biology and the origin of life. Abiogenesis was long considered to be a very common occurrence until the concept of " omne vivum ex ovo" (all life from other life) became firmly established in modern biology.

The modern definition of abiogenesis is concerned with the formation of the simplest forms of life from primordial chemicals. This is a significantly different thing from the concept of Aristotelian abiogenesis, which postulated the formation of complex organisms. This article reviews different hypotheses for modern abiogenetic processes that are currently under debate.

2 Current models of the origin of life

There is no truly "standard" model of the origin of life, however most currently accepted models build in one way or another upon the following discoveries, which are listed in a rough order of postulated emergence:

1. Plausible pre-biotic conditions result in the creation of the basic small molecules of life. This was demonstrated in the Urey-Miller experiment by Stanley L. Miller and Harold C. Urey in 1953.
2. Phospholipids spontaneously form lipid bilayers, the basic structure of a cell membrane.
3. Procedures for producing random RNA molecules can produce " ribozymes", which are able to produce more of themselves under very specific conditions.

The origin (see Origin of organic molecules ) of basic biomoleculemyoglobin, showing coloured alpha helices. This protein was the first to have its structure solved by X-ray crystallography by Max Perutz and Sir John Cowdery Kendrew in 1958, which led to them receiving a Nobel Prize in Chemistry. A biomolecule is a comps such as components of amino acidIn chemistry, an amino acid is any molecule that contains both amino and carboxylic acid functional groups. In biochemistry, this shorter and more general term is frequently used to refer to alpha amino acids: those amino acids in which the amino and carbs, while not settled, is less controversial than the significance and order of steps 2 and 3. As of 2004, nobody has synthesized a protocell using basic components which has the necessary properties of life (the so-called "bottom-up-approach"), thus without a proof-of-principle, explanations have tended to be short on specifics. However, some researchers are working in this field, notably Jack Szostak at HarvardHarvard University is a private university in Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA and a member of the Ivy League. It was founded on September 8, 1636 by a vote of the Great and General Court of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, making it the oldest post-secondary s. Others have argued that a "top-down approach" is more feasible. One such approach attempted by Craig VenterJohn Craig Venter (born October 14, 1946, Salt Lake City) is an American biologist and businessman. He began his academic career at a community college, College of San Mateo (California), later enlisting in the navy and serving a tour of duty during the V and others at The Institute for Genomic ResearchThe Institute for Genomic Research TIGR , is a non-profit genomics research institute founded in 1992 by Craig Venter in Rockville, Maryland, United States. External link Institute for Genomic Research, The. involved engineering extant prokaryotic cells with progressively few genes, attempting to discern at which point the most minimal requirements for life were reached.

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