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As modern x86 PCs grow more powerful so does their hunger for electrical power grow. Almost every PC converts all of this electrical power into heat, usually in the CPU, graphics adapter, RAM, and some on the mainboard, hard disk drives, add-on-cards. The PSU itself generates a lot of heat.

Up until a few years ago PCs didn't need active ventilation. Then the PSUs needed forced cooling, and still later took up the duty of force-cooling the rest of the PC with the ATX-Standard.

The byproduct of this fact is that the fan(s) need to move more and more air, and since the case area that can be actually used by fans is quite limited, they get noisy.

In fact if one installs a few more fans in a modern case, not all need to go at top speed, and since fans get a lot louder when just a little faster, you can inverse that and just throttle them a bit (be reasonable about the needed cooling/tradeoff) and enjoy the (sometimes drastically) reduced noise levels of your PC.

There are many ways of reducing the speed of a fan, but this article will only discuss a few of them.

1 PWM or pulse width modulation

PWM is a common method of throttling fans (which are basically DC motors), but has a big disadvantage if used to silence fans:

if the frequency used is in the range of 20-20000 Hz it will be transmitted via the fan, which is acting quite like a loudspeaker where the motorcoils and the fan blades act as coil and membrane of the speaker.

2 Resistors

Resistors are the simplest way of getting your fan noise down, but, they add to the heat of the PC case , and need to have an appropriate size to be able to handle the power drop.

So for variable fan control you cannot use normal PotentiometersA potentiometer (or pot for short) is a variable resistor. See also: Voltage divider. Usually, this is a three-terminal resistor where the center connection is manipulable. If two terminals are used (middle and end), it acts as a variable resistor. If all, but have to use Rheostats instead.

3 Diodes

A diodeA diode functions as the electronic version of a one-way valve. By restricting the direction of movement of charge carriers, it allows an electric current to flow in one direction, but blocks it in the opposite direction. Applications Radio demodulation T in series with the fan will reduce the actual voltage getting to the fan. You can use a zener diodeA conventional solid-state diode will not let current flow if reverse-biased (up to a breakdown voltage). By exceeding the breakdown voltage a conventional diode is destroyed in the breakdown due to excess current and overheating. In case of forward-bias (select one for the desired voltage drop) or Silicon (get the required voltage drop by serializing multiple diodes in steps of approximately 0,75 Volts)


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ElectronicsElectronics is the study and use of electrical devices that operate by controlling the flow of electrons or other electrically charged particles in devices such as thermionic valves and semiconductors. The pure study of such devices is considered as a bra Fan control



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