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A motherboard is a printed circuit board used in a personal computer. It is also known as the mainboard and occasionally abbreviated to mobo or MB. The term mainboard is also used for the main circuit board in this and other electronic devices.A typical motherboard provides attachment points for the one or more of the following: CPU, graphics card, sound card, hard disk controller, memory ( RAM), and external peripheral devices.
All of the basic circuitry and components required for a computer to function sit either directly on the motherboard or in an expansion slot of the motherboard. The most important component on a motherboard is the chipset which consists of two components or chips known as the Northbridge and Southbridge. These chips determine, to an extent, the features and capabilities of the motherboard.
The remainder of this article discusses the state of the so-called " IBM compatible PC" motherboard in in the early 2000s. It contains the chipset, which controls the operation of the CPU, the PCI, ISAIndustry Standard Architecture (in practice almost always shortened to ISA is a bus standard for IBM compatibles introduced in 1984 that extends the XT bus architecture to 16 bits. It is designed to connect peripheral cards to the motherboard. The protoco, AGP, and PCI-ExpressPCI-Express (formerly known as 3GIO for 3rd Generation I/O is a new implementation of the PCI computer bus that uses existing PCI programming concepts and communications standards, but bases it on a much faster serial communications system. It is being su expansion slots, and (usually) the IDE/ATA controller as well. Most of the devices that can be attached to a motherboard are attached via one or more slots or sockets, although some modern motherboards support wireless devices using the IrDA, BluetoothThis article is about the Bluetooth wireless specification. For King Harold Bluetooth, see Harold I of Denmark Bluetooth is an industrial specification for wireless personal area networks (PANs) first developed by Ericsson, later formalized by the Bluetoo, or 802.11 ( Wi-FiWi-Fi (or Wi-fi WiFi Wifi wifi , short for "Wireless Fidelity", is a set of standards for wireless local area networks ( WLAN) based on the IEEE 802. 11 specifications. Wi-Fi was intended to be used for wireless devices and LANs, but is now often used for) protocols.
1 CPU sockets
There are different slots and sockets for CPUs, and it is necessary for a motherboard to have the appropriate slot or socket for the CPU. Newer sockets, those with a three digit number, are named after the number of pins they contain. Older ones are simply named in the order of their invention, usually with a single digit.
A sample of sockets and associated processors:
1.1 Sockets supporting Intel CPUs
- Socket 1 - 80486SXThe Intel 80486SX is an Intel 486DX microprocessor with its floating-point unit (FPU) disconnected. All 486SX chips were fabricated with FPUs. If testing showed that the central processing unit was working but the FPU was defective, the FPU's power and bu, 80486DXThe Intel 80486DX is a microprocessor made by Intel x86 family of processors. It is the successor to the Intel 80386 processor line. Differences between the 80386 and 80486DX include: Data/Instruction Cache- An 8192-byte (8k) SRAM built into the processor, 80486DX2, 80486DX4, and compatible processors from other manufacturers
- Socket 2 - 80486SX, 80486DX, 80486DX2, 80486DX4, and clones
- Socket 3 - 80486SX, 80486DX, 80486DX2, 80486DX4, and clones
- Socket 4 - early Intel Pentium processors
- Socket 5 - early Intel Pentium processors
- Socket 6 - 80486DX4
- Socket 7 - Intel Pentium and Pentium MMX (also some AMD and Cyrix CPUs)
- Socket 8 - Intel Pentium Pro
- Slot 1 - Intel Pentium II, older Pentium III, and Celeron processors (233 MHz - 1.13 GHz)
- Slot 2 - Intel Xeon processors based on Pentium II/III cores
- Socket 370 - Celeron processors and newer Pentium IIIs (800 MHz - 1.4 GHz)
- Socket 423 - Pentium 4 and Celeron processors (based on the Willamette core)
- Socket 478 - Intel Pentium 4 and Celeron processors (based on Northwood, Prescott, and Willamette cores)
- Socket 603/604 - Intel Xeon processors based on the Northwood and Willamette Pentium 4 cores
- Land Grid Array 775 - Intel Pentium 4 and Celeron processors (based on Northwood and Prescott cores)
