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The paddle steamer PS Comet was built for Henry Bell, hotel and baths owner in Helensburgh, and began a passenger service in 1812 on the River Clyde between Glasgow and Greenock, the first commercially successful steamboat service in Europe.Bell had become interested in steam propelled boats, corresponded with Robert Fulton and learnt from the Charlotte Dundas. In 1811 he got Messrs John Wood and Co., shipbuilders, Port Glasgow, to build a paddle steamer which was named the Comet after the " Great Comet" of 1811. The 28 ton craft was 45 feet long and 10 feet broad. It had two paddle wheels on each side, driven by engines rated at three horse power (or perhaps 4 hp.): at a later date the twin paddlewheels were replaced by a single paddlewheel on each side. The two engines were made by John Robertson of Glasgow, and the boiler by David Napier , Camlachlie, Glasgow: a story has it that they were evolved from an experimental little steam engine which Bell installed to pump sea water into the Helensburgh Baths. The funnel was tall and thin, and a yardarm allowed it to support a sail when there was a following wind. A tiny cabin aft had wooden seats and a table.
In August 1812 Bell advertised in local newspapers;
- THE STEAMBOAT Comet BETWEEN GLASGOW, GREENOCK AND HELENSBURGH FOR PASSENGERS ONLY
- The subscriber, having at much expense, fitted up a handsome vessel to ply upon the River Clyde from Glasgow, to sail by the power of air, wind, and steam, intends that the vessel shall leave the Broomielaw on Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Saturdays about mid-day, or such hour thereafter as may answer from the state of the tide, and to leave Greenock on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays in the morning to suit the tide.
The fare was "four shillings for the best cabin, and three shillings for the second."
In 1812 the Comet made a delivery voyage from Port Glasgow (a town just to the east of Greenock) 21 miles upriver to the Broomielaw, Glasgow, then sailed from Glasgow the 24 miles down to Greenock, making five miles an hour against a head-wind. (some sources give a date of January 18 1812 for a trial trip, McCrorie gives August 6 1812 for the delivery, with the historic trip a day or so later)
The success of this service quickly inspired competition, with services down the Firth of ClydeThe Firth of Clyde is the estuary of the River Clyde, from its upper tidal limit in Glasgow city centre to the outer firth in Argyll and Ayrshire, Scotland. It includes the Mull of Kintyre, the sea lochs, and the islands of Arran, Bute, Great Cumbrae and and the sea lochs to LargsLargs is a burgh in North Ayrshire, Scotland about 100 miles from Glasgow. It is a popular seaside resort with a pier. The town was the site of the Battle of Largs in 1263, in which a Scottish army attacked King Haakon IV's Vikings, in a confrontation tha, RothesayThe town of Rothesay is the principal town on the island of Bute, in Buteshire, Scotland. It features a late medieval castle surrounded by a moat and can be reached by ferry from Wemyss Bay which offers an onward rail link to Glasgow. The town was long a, CampbeltownCampbeltown is a burgh in Argyll and Bute, Scotland, located by Campbeltown Loch on the Kintyre peninsula. Originally known as Kinlochkilkerran it was renamed in the seventeenth century and became an important centre for shipbuilding, whisky (at one point and Inveraray within four years, and the Comet was outclassed by newer steamers. Bell briefly tried a service on the Firth of Forth. Then he had the Comet lengthened and re-engined and from September 1819 ran a service to Oban and Fort William (via the Crinan Canal) a trip which took four days, but in 1820 the Comet was shipwrecked in strong currents at Craignish Point near Oban. (One of the engines ended its working days in a Greenock brewery, and is now in The Science Museum in London). Although Bell built a second Comet this was not a success.
A replica of the Comet now stands prominently in Port Glasgow.
