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The Papuan Gulf is a region on the south shore of New Guinea. Many rivers flow through the gulf, and it is considered a delta. Its flat and swampy land ranges from the Fly River to Cape Possession.
The peoples of the Papuan Gulf live in villages on the shore or in the mangrove forests that line the shore. The tribal organization is not strict, but slight regional differences are apparent between villages which have little contact. Sources of food include some agriculture, fishing, and sago palms. Much trade is carried out along the many rivers of the region.
Rituals such as headhunting and cannibalism were common in the Papuan Gulf before foreign contact. These rituals included displays of magic powers, and the initiation of young men. An integral part of these rituals is tribal art. This art is mostly made of wood and is carved in relief and painted with local dyes of red ochre, lime, and coal. Examples of this art are sculptures, masks, bull roarers, and gope . The art seen in the Papuan Gulf is similar to the art found in groups along the Sepik River suggesting a cultural link between the two areas.
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