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Commentators on the British Constitution sometimes draw a distinction between the Labour Party (which was created outside Parliament and later achieved office) and the Conservative and Liberal parties (which began as parliamentary factions). The term 'Parliamentary Labour Party' properly refers to the party in parliament, whereas the term Labour Party refers to the entire Labour Party, the parliamentary faction of which is the PLP.
Originally, the Leader of the Labour Party was elected by the PLP. Nowadays, an electoral college is used, consisting of three sections - MPs and MEPs, affiliated organizations ( affiliated trade unions and affiliated socialist societies), and Constituency Labour Parties (CLPs). Each section exercises one-third of the vote (meaning that overall, MPs have substantially more say than individual members). Multiple-voting is used, so an MP who belongs to two trade unions, one socialist society, and a CLP receives five votes. The single transferable vote is used to conduct the election.
Labour MPs retain the power to trigger an extraordinary or "special" Labour Party Conference to choose a new leader if they lose confidence in their existing leader.
Labour MPs also elect two of their number to Labour's National Executive Committee.
The PLP holds regular meetings behind closed doors to question the Leader and to discuss its concerns.
A similar body for the Conservative Party is the 1922 Committee.
The Chairman of the PLP chairs meetings of the Parliamentary faction. He or she is elected by Labour MPs at the start of each annual session of Parliament. Usually, by tradition, only elections at the start of each Parliament, following a General Election, are competitive.
From 1921Events January 2 The first religious radio broadcast ( KDKA AM in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania) January 2 Spanish liner Santa Isabel sinks off Villa Garcia 244 dead January 2 DeYoung Museum in Golden Gate Park San Francisco opens. January 20 Republic of Turke to 1970Events January events January 1 Construction begins on Arcosanti, by Paolo Soleri, in Mayer, Arizona, located 65, miles north of Phoenix, Arizona. January 1 Unix epoch at 00:00:00 UTC. January 12 Biafra capitulates, ending the Nigerian civil war. January, the Chairman of the PLP was also the leader of the party as a whole (before 1921, leadership of the party was arguably split between the Chairman of the PLP, the Secretary of the Party and the Chairman of the Party). When the leaders of the Labour Party joined coalition governments during the First and Second World Wars, an acting chairman was appointed to lead the rump of the party in Opposition. When the Party was in government, a liaison committee was elected to facilitate communications between the cabinet and Labour backbencherA backbencher is a Member of Parliament or a legislature who does not hold governmental office and is not a Front Bench spokesperson in the Opposition. A backbencher may be a new parliamentary member yet to receive high office, a senior figure dropped fros - the chairman of this committee also chaired meetings of the PLP as a whole during these periods. In 1970Events January events January 1 Construction begins on Arcosanti, by Paolo Soleri, in Mayer, Arizona, located 65, miles north of Phoenix, Arizona. January 1 Unix epoch at 00:00:00 UTC. January 12 Biafra capitulates, ending the Nigerian civil war. January, the positions of Leader of the Labour Party and Chairman of the PLP were permanently split.
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