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360° photos of Palazzo Ducale sede Authority 360° photos of Duomo e Battistero 360° photos of Piazza della Pace
The city was most probably founded and named by the Etruscans, for a parma (circular shield) was a Latin borrowing, as were many Roman terms for particular arms, and "Parmeal" "Parmni" and "Parmnial" are names that appear in Etruscan inscriptions. Diodorus Siculus (XXII, 2,2; XXVIII, 2,1) reported that the Romans had changed their rectangular shields for round ones, imitating the Etruscans. Whether the Etruscan encampment was so named because it was round, like a shield, or whether its situation was a shield against the Gauls to the north, is more a matter of choice.
Parma, like most northern Italian cities, was nominally a part of the Holy Roman Empire but locally ruled by its bishops until the commune gained strength in the early Middle Ages. It fell under the control of Milan in 1346, was ceded to the Holy See in 1511. The Farnese pope, Paul III, detached Parma and Piacenza from the Papal States and gave them as a duchy for his illegitimate son, Pier Luigi Farnese, whose descendents ruled in Parma from 1545 to 1731, when Antonio Farnese (1679-1731), last male of the Farnese line, died.
The combined Duchy of Parma and Piacenza was given to the House of Bourbon in a diplomatic shuffle of the European dynastic politics that were played out in Italy. It remained separate until the unification of Italy in 1860.
It hosts the Teatro Regio, a famous opera theatre.
Stendhal set much of his masterpiece ( The Charterhouse of ParmaOne of Stendhal's two acknowledged masterpieces (and only complete novels), along with The Red and the Black, the Charterhouse of Parma tells the story of the young Italian noble Fabrizio, and his mis-adventures during the age of Napoleon. The novel is of) in the city, even though there was no "Charterhouse" in real life.The town is also famous for its cheeseCheese is a foodstuff made from the curdled milk of various animals, most frequently cows, but often goats, sheep, and water buffalo. Rennet is often used to induce milk to coagulate, although some cheeses are curdled with acids like vinegar or lemon juic " Parmigiano ReggianoParmigiano-Reggiano (sometimes called Parmesan cheese is a hard texture cheese, cooked but not pressed, named after the producing areas of Parma and Reggio Emilia, in Emilia-Romagna, Italy. Cheeses resembling Parmigiano-Reggiano but not made in this area" (which pride it shares with Reggio EmiliaReggio Emilia is a town of North Italy, in the Emilia-Romagna region. It has about 140,000 inhabitans and is the main comune (municipality) of the Province of Reggio Emilia. The town is also named, more officially, Reggio nell'Emilia The inhabitants of Re), for its Parma ham, and now for its international commercial brand ParmalatParmalat an Italian dairy and food company and Europe's biggest dairy company has been declared bankrupt. Its worldwide operations included almost 140 production centers. Over 36,000 workers around the world collected Parmalat pay packets, and 5,000 Itali.
Famous people from Parma:
360° photos of City of Parma created by Francesco Lia Photographer, Itcity and City of Parma
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