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The kingdom of Patani was a Malay state approximately covering the area of the modern Thai provinces of Pattani, Yala and Narathiwat. The kingdom embraced Islam in the 11th century and thereafter enjoying varying degrees of independence until the early 20th century. Prior to the coming of Islam, Pattani was briefly a protectorate of Srivijaya, the Hindu- Buddhist Empire centred in Palembang. When the Sultanate of Malacca expanded northward, Pattani recognized the overlordship of Malacca. But with the fall of Malacca in 1511, Pattani fought for the supremacy of the Malay PeninsulaThe Malay Peninsula ( Malay: Tanah Melayu is a major peninsula located in Southeast Asia. It runs approximately north-south and contains the most southerly point of the Asian continent. Its narrowest point is the Isthmus of Kra. The south-west coast is se with Acheh, JohorPeninsular Malaysia Johor formerly Johore is one of the states of Malaysia. It is the southernmost state in Peninsular Malaysia being South of Melaka, Negeri Sembilan and Pahang and North of Singapore from which it is separated by the Straits of Johor. and the PortugeeseRepublica Portuguesa ( In Detail) National motto: None Official language Portuguese 3 Capital Lisbon President Jorge Sampaio Prime Minister Pedro Santana Lopes Area Total % water World ranking: 109th 92,391 km˛0. 5 % Population Total ( 2004) Density World in Melaka.
However, by the mid- 17th century16th century 17th century 18th century more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 17th century was that century which lasted from 1601- 1700. During this period, the power of England and the United Provinces increased; while that of, Pattani had fallen into a gradual decline. This decline prompted Pattani to submit to Siam as a vassal state and send the Bunga Mas to ' AyutthayaThe kingdom of Ayutthaya was a Thai kingdom that existed from the 1350 to 1767. King Ramathibodi I (Uthong) founded Ayutthaya as the capital of his kingdom in 1350 and absorbed Sukhothai, 640 km to the north, in 1376. Over the next four centuries the king as a form of submission. Ratu Kuning (the Yellow Queen), the last of four successive ruling queens of Pattani, died without an heir and the country descended into decades of political chaos and conflict.
Around the same time, Ayutthaya under King Ekatat (Boromaraja V) was busy in fighting the Burmese invasion under King Alaungsaya , culminating in the complete destruction of Ayutthaya in 1767 by King Mongra of Burma.
General Taksin (later King Taksin) managed to drive back the Burmese and reunify the country, and opened the way for the establishment of the Chakri dynasty by King Rama I. A resurgent and much stronger Siam tried to enforce its will upon Pattani: the latter resisted, and there was a war between the two. Siam was led by Prince Surasi , son of Rama I, and Pattani by Sultan Muhammad. The sultan was slain in battle, Pattani was defeated, and the region was gradually absorbed by Siam.
A series of attempted rebellions prompted Bangkok to divide Pattani into seven smaller states during the reign of King Rama II. Yala and Narathiwat] remain separate provinces to this day.
In 1909, the British, who had taken over the states of the Pahang- Johor- Riau empire in the peninsula, acquired Perlis, Kedah, Kelantan and Terengganu, four states which were also claimed by Siam as its protectorates. Siam and Britain came to an agreement fixing the border as it remains between Thailand and Malaysia.
