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Gianni Carafa was born in Benevento into a prominent noble family of Naples. He was mentored by Cardinal Oliviero Carafa , his relative, who resigned the See of Chieti (Latin Theate) in his favour. Under the direction of Leo X he was ambassador to England and then papal nuncio in Spain, where he conceived a violent detestation of Spanish rule that affected the policies of his later papacy.
However in 1524 Clement VII allowed Carafa to resign his benefices and join the ascetic order of St. Cajetan , popularly called the Theatines , after Cardinal Carafa, bishop of Theate. Following the sack of RomeRome ( Italian and Latin Roma is the capital city of Italy, and of its Lazio region. It is located on the lower Tiber river, near the Mediterranean Sea, at 41°50'N, 12°15'E. The Vatican City State, a sovereign enclave within Rome, is the seat of the Roman in 1527Events January 5 Felix Manz, co-founder of the Swiss Anabaptists, was drowned in the Limmat River in Zurich by the Zurich Reformed state church. May 6 Spanish and German troops led by the Duke of Bourbon sack Rome (the infamous Sacco di Roma), forcing Pop, the order removed itself to VeniceVenice ( Italian Venezia German Venedig , the city of canals, is the capital of the region of Veneto, population 271,073 (2001). The city stretches across numerous small islands in a marshy lagoon along the Adriatic Sea in northeast Italy. The saltwater l. But Carafa was recalled to RomeRome ( Italian and Latin Roma is the capital city of Italy, and of its Lazio region. It is located on the lower Tiber river, near the Mediterranean Sea, at 41°50'N, 12°15'E. The Vatican City State, a sovereign enclave within Rome, is the seat of the Roman by the reform-minded Paul IIITitian (Tiziano Vecelli), Museo Nazionale di Capodimonte, Naples Paul III ne Alessandro Farnese ( February 29, 1468 November 10, 1549) was pope from 1534 to 1549. He also called the Council of Trent in 1545. Born Alessandro Farnese in Carino, in Tuscany,, to sit on a committee of reform of the papal Court, an appointment that forecast an end to a humanist Papacy, and a revival of scholasticismScholasticism comes from the Latin word scholasticus which means "that [which] belongs to the school". It is a method, or technique, of teaching and learning created by late 11th Century medieval scholars and theologians. Scholasticism is not a philosophy, for Carafa was a thorough disciple of Thomas AquinasSaint Thomas Aquinas ( 1225 March 7 1274) was a Catholic philosopher and theologian in the scholastic tradition, who gave birth to the thomistic school of philosophy, which was long the official dogma of the Roman Catholic Church. He is considered by the. In December, 1536Events February 2 Spaniard Pedro de Mendoza founds Buenos Aires, Argentina. May 19 Execution of Anne Boleyn May 30 Henry VIII of England marries Jane Seymour October 13 The Pilgrimage of Grace, a rebellion in York, is "resolved" by Robert Aske October 29 he was made a cardinalA cardinal is an official of the second-highest rank of the Roman Catholic Church, inferior in rank only to the Pope. The cardinals serve a number of functions: they advise the Pope, they run the Vatican administration and the Roman Curia (the government and then Archbishop of Naples. He reorganized the Inquisition in Italy.
He was a surprise choice as Pontiff to succeed Marcellus II; his rigid, severe and unbending character combined with his age and patriotism meant he would have declined the honour. He accepted apparently because the Emperor Charles V was opposed to his accession. As Pope his nationalism was a driving force, he used the office to preserve some liberties in the face of four-fold foreign occupation. The Hapsburgs disliked Paul IV and he allied with France, possibly against the true interests of the Papacy. He also alienated the English and rejected Elizabeth's claim to the Crown. The strengthening of the Inquisition continued and Paul IV's rectitude meant that few could consider themselves safe by virtue of position in his drive to reform the Church; even Cardinals he disliked could be imprisoned.
Paul IV had rather anti-Semitic views, and he acted on those views, as well. He considered Jews to be condemned by God to slavery and undeserving of "Christian love". In 1555 he issued a canon (papal law), Cum nimis absurdum, by which the Roman Ghetto was created; Jews were then forced to live in seclusion in a specified area of the town, locked in at night. The following pope would have enforced the creation of other ghettos in most Italian towns. Under conservative pressure from Pius IX, the Roman ghetto was the last ghetto to be abolished in Western Europe.
As with other Renaissance Popes, Paul IV was not backward in promoting his relatives - he made a nephew into a cardinal and chief advisor as well as granting favours and estates to other relatives, often taken from those who supported the Spanish. However at the conclusion of the foolish and disastrous war with Philip II in August 1587 the Pope publicly disgraced his nephew and banished him from the Court.
He was buried in St. Peter's but was later transferred to St. Maria sopra Minerva.
| Preceded by Marcellus II | Pope ( list) | Succeeded by Pius IV |
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