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Pax Britannica (modeled after " Pax Romana") refers to a period of British imperialism after the Battle of Waterloo and the War of 1812, which led to a period of overseas British expansionism. During this period, the British Empire controlled most key naval trade routes and enjoyed unchallenged sea power. Britain dominated overseas markets and favored a strategy of informal colonialism: controlling markets like China's without direct formal colonial administration. This led to the spread of the English language, the British Imperial system of measures, and rules for commodity markets based on English common law. When colonies had the capacity (but not the right) to trade directly with each other, challenges to central rule erupted, and New Imperialism largely arose as a response. Pax Britannica was weakened by the breakdown of the continental order established by the Congress of Vienna and the consequent establishment of new nation-states in Italy and Germany after the Franco-Prussian War. The industrialization of Germany and the United States also contributed to the decline of British industrial supremacy following the 1870s.
See also: commodity markets, British Empire, UK topics; Compare: Pax AmericanaThe term Pax Americana ( Latin: "American Peace"), denoting the period of relative peace in the Western world since World War II, places the United States of America in the role of a modern-day Roman Empire or British Empire (based on Pax Romana and Pax B, Pax SinicaPax Sinica ( Latin for "Chinese Peace") is a term referring to either a time of peace and prosperity in China or a time of Chinese hegemony. In a historical context, the term may either refer to the periods of rule by the Han Dynasty or the late Qing Dyna.
