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Pedro I of Brazil, known as "Dom Pedro" ( October 12, 1798 - September 24, 1834), proclaimed Brazil independent from Portugal and became Brazil's first Emperor. He also held the Portuguese throne briefly as Pedro IV of Portugal.1 Early years
Pedro I was born in the Queluz Palace , near Lisbon. His father was the regent prince at the time but would soon become King John VI of Portugal (João VI); his mother was Carlota Joaquina, Princess of Spain, daughter of Charles IV of Spain. His full name was Pedro de Alcântara Francisco António João Carlos Xavier de Paula Miguel Rafael Joaquim José Gonzaga Pascoal Cipriano Serafim de Bragança e Bourbon.
In 1807, when he was nine, the royal family moved to Brazil in order to escape the Napoleonic Wars, where they would remain for 13 years. Their presence made Rio de Janeiro the de facto capital of the Portuguese Empire, and led to Brazil being elevated to the status of a kingdom co-equal with Portugal. It was in Rio, on November 5November 5 is the 309th day of the year (310th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 56 days remaining. Events 1500-1899 1556 Fifty miles north of Delhi, a Mogul Army defeats Hindu forces of General Hemu to ensure Akbar the throne of India. 1605, 1817Events March 4 James Monroe succeeds James Madison as the President of the United States of America April Earthquake in Palermo, Italy April 3 Princess Caraboo appears in Almondsbury in Gloucestershire, England July 4 At Rome, New York, construction on th, that Pedro married his first wife, Maria Leopoldina, Archduchess of AustriaMaria Leopoldina Josepha Caroline of Habsburg archduchess of Austria, was born in 1797 in Vienna, Austria. She was the daughter of Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor and his second wife, Maria Theresa of Bourbon-Two Sicilies. Among her many siblings were Empe.
2 Brazilian independence
When King João VI finally returned to Portugal, in the early 1820sEvents and Trends Nationalistic independence movements helped reshape the world during this decade: Greece declares independence from the Ottoman Empire ( 1821). Several countries declared their independence from Spain and Portugal: The Republic of Gran C, most of the privileges that had been accorded to Brazil were rescinded, sparking the ire of local nationalists. Pedro, who had remained in the country as regent, sided with the nationalist element and even supported the Portuguese Constitutionalist movement that led to the revolt in Oporto, 1820Events January 1 Constitutionalist military insurrection at Cadiz leads to summoning of Spanish parliament ( March 7) and restoration of 1812 Constitution ( March 8) by king Ferdinand VII. January 29 George the Prince Regent becomes king George IV of the. When pressed by the Portuguese court to return, he refused. For that, he was demoted from regent to a mere representative of the Lisbon court in Brazil. These news reached him on September 7September 7 is the 250th day of the year (251st in leap years). There are 115 days remaining. Events 1191 Third Crusade: Battle of Arsuf Richard I of England defeats Saladin at Arsuf. 1539 Guru Angad Dev ji became the second Guru of the Sikhs 1776 World's, 1822Events March 30 Florida becomes a United States territory. May 24 Battle of Pichincha: Simon Bolivar secures the independence of Quito. June 14 Charles Babbage proposes a Difference engine in a paper to the Royal Astronomical Society entitled "Note on the, when he had just arrived in São Paulo, from a visit to the port of Santos . On the banks of the Ipiranga River , he unsheathed his sword, and declared "Independence or death!" He was proclaimed Emperor of Brazil on October 12 and crowned on December 1.
