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| Pedunculate Oak | ||||||||||||||
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| English Oak (Quercus robur) | ||||||||||||||
| Scientific classification | ||||||||||||||
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| Binomial name | ||||||||||||||
| Quercus robur L. |
The Pedunculate Oak or English Oak (Quercus robur L.) is native to most of Europe, and to Asia Minor to the Caucasus, and also to parts of North Africa. It is the type species of the genus (the species by which the oak genus Quercus is defined), and a member of the white oak section Quercus subgenus Quercus section Quercus. The populations in Italy, southeast Europe, and Asia Minor & the Caucasus are sometimes treated as separate species, Q. brutia Tenore, Q. pedunculiflora K. Koch and Q. haas Kotschy respectively.
It is a large deciduous tree to 25-35m tall (exceptionally to 40m), with lobed and nearly sessile (very short-stalked) leaves 7-14 cm long. Flowering takes place in mid spring, and their fruit, called acornThis article is about the seed; for other meanings of the word, especially ACORN community organization, see acorn (disambiguation . The acorn is the fruit of the oak tree. Nutrition Acorns are edible. However, some acorns are naturally high in tannins, ms, ripen by autumn of the same year. The acorns are 2-2.5 cm long, pedunculate (having a peduncle or acorn-stalk, 3-7 cm long) with one to four acorns on each peduncle.
It forms a long-lived tree, with a large widespreading head of rugged branches. While it may naturally live to an age of a few centuries, many of the oldest trees are pollardedPollarding is a woodland management method of encouraging lateral branches by cutting off a tree stem two metres or so above ground level. If pollarding is done repeatedly over the years, a somewhat expanded (or swollen) tree trunk will result, and multip or coppiced, both pruning techniques that extend the tree's potential lifespan, if not its health.
A close relative is the Sessile oakThe Sessile oak ''Quercus petraea also known as Durmast oak, is an oak native to most of Europe, and into Anatolia. It is a large deciduous tree to 40 m tall in the white oak section of the genus Quercus sect. Quercus , similar to the English oak, with wh (Quercus petraea), which shares much of its range. Pedunculate Oak is distinguished from this species by its leaves having only a very short stalk 3-8 mm long, and by its pendunculate acorns. The two often hybridise in the wild, the hybrid being known as Quercus x rosacea.
Within its native range it is valued for its importance to insectSubclass Apterygota Symphypleona globular springtails Subclass Archaeognatha (jumping bristletails) Subclass Dicondylia Monura extinct Thysanura (common bristletails) Subclass Pterygota Palaeodictyoptera extinct Ephemeroptera (mayflies) Odonata ( dragonfls and other wildlife. Numerous insects live on the leaves, buds, and in the acorns. The acorns form a valuable food resource for several small mammalSubclass Monotremata Monotremata Subclass Marsupialia Didelphimorphia Paucituberculata Microbiotheria Dasyuromorphia Peramelemorphia Notoryctemorphia Diprotodontia Subclass Placentalia Xenarthra Dermoptera Desmostylia Scandentia Primates Rodentia Lagomorps and some birds, notably Eurasian JayEurasian Jay : Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Passeriformes : Corvidae Garrulus glandarius Binomial name ''Garrulus glandarius Linnaeus, 1758) The Eurasian Jay Garrulus glandarius occurs over a vast region from Western Europe and north west Africa to the eas Garrulus glandarius.
It is planted for forestrySkills Forestry is the art and science and practice of studying and managing forests and related natural resources. Much research and development has been invested in learning about managing forest ecosystems, improving varieties of trees, and in better m, and produces a long-lasting and durable heartwood, much in demand for interior and furniture work.
A number of cultivars are grown in arboreta and in parks and gardens. The most common cultivated form probably is the cultivar Quercus robur 'Fastigiata', with a narrow and columnar crown. This is propagated from an upright tree that was found in central Europe. Several hybrids with other white oak species have also been produced in cultivation, including Turner's oak Q. x turnerii ( Q. ilex x Q. robur), Heritage oak Q. x macdanielli ( Q. macrocarpa x Q. robur) and Two worlds oak Q. x bimundorum ( Q. alba x Q. robur), the latter two developed by nurseries in the United States.
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