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Penetration diving or no clear surface diving is a type of diving where the SCUBA diver enters a confined space from which there is no direct, purely vertical ascent to the safety of breathable air of the atmosphere at the surface. Several types of dive meet this condition: cave diving, wreck diving, ice diving or diving other man-made, underwater structures or enclosures.

The fact that the diver cannot immediately ascend to breathe from the atmosphere at the surface makes this type of diving much more risky than the usual types recreational diving or open-water diving.

It is essential that divers doing penetration dives are specially equipped and trained in technical diving techniques such as:

using redundant diving cylinders
using distance lines to guide the diver to the exit.
using other breathing gases than air. Nitrox is used for shallow diving and Trimix for deeper dives.

External links

GUE - Global Unterwater Explorers (http://www.gue.com/)
IANTD - International Association of Nitrox and Technical Divers (http://www.iantd.com/)
NACD - National Association for Cave Diving (http://www.safecavediving.com/)
NSS-CDS - National Speleological Society Cave Diving Section (http://www.nsscds.com/)
WKPP Woodville Karst Plain Project (http://www.wkpp.org)
Dive Rite (http://www.dive-rite.com/ )
The history of line arrowLine arrows are directional markers used by cave divers on lines. The arrow is used to always point the way out of a cave. External links See also scuba diving.s (http://www.dive-rite.com/products/history/linearrows.htm)

DivingDiving has several meanings: plunging deliberately or acrobatically into water, swimming while underwater, and using breathing apparatus such as scuba diving equipment or surface supplied diving equipment. Humans are not the only ones to dive. Some specie

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