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Pennsylvania Station is one of New York City's main railway stations. Commonly known as "Penn Station," it is located in the underground levels of Penn Plaza , an urban complex located at 32nd Street between 7th and 8th Avenues in Manhattan. It is used by a number of passenger rail services including Amtrak, Long Island Rail Road, MTA New York City Transit, and New Jersey Transit.
Penn Station is named for the Pennsylvania Railroad, its builder and original tenant. There could have been no Penn Station in New York City until the Pennsylvania Railroad's rails reached Manhattan. The 19th century PRR did not; it terminated across the Hudson River in Jersey City's Exchange PlaceBoston skyscrapers, L-R: 60 State Street, Custom House Tower, and Exchange Place Exchange Place is a modern skyscraper in the Financial District neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts. Built in 1985, it is tied with the neighboring 60 State Street as Bosto terminal, where passengers bound for Manhattan boarded ferries for the final stretch of their journey. The rival New York Central Railroad's rails ran down Manhattan from the north, ending in its Grand Central TerminalGrand Central Terminal (often still called Grand Central Station although technically that is the name of the nearby post office) is a train station in midtown Manhattan, New York, a borough of New York City, located at 42nd Street and Park Avenue. Presen right in the heart of Midtown Manhattan.
The Pennsylvania Railroad, unsatisfied with this state of affairs, considered bridgingThis article is about the edifice. For other meanings, see Bridge (disambiguation). suspended deck compression arch bridges A bridge is a structure built to span a gorge, valley, road, railroad track, river or other body of water, or any other physical ob the Hudson (too expensive) or tunnelSwitzerland subway. canal tunnel. A tunnel is an underground passage. When designed for use by traffic, it may be called an underpass . It may be for pedestrians and/or cyclists, for general road traffic, for motor vehicles only, for rail traffic, or foring under it (too long to work with steam locomotives and too difficult to ventilate). The development of the electric locomotiveAn Electric Locomotive is a locomotive powered by electric motors which draws current from an overhead wire, a third rail, or an on-board storage device such as a battery or a flywheel energy storage system. The first known electric locomotive was built b and electrified railroad by the early 20th century provided a practicable solution to the latter problem.
On December 12, 1901, PRR president Alexander Cassatt announced the railroad's plan to enter New York City, to tunnel under the Hudson and to build a grand station on the West Side of Manhattan, south of Thirty-Fourth Street. The PRR had been secretly buying up the land in Manhattan and New Jersey that it needed for some time.
Two single-track tunnels were bored from the New Jersey side, and in addition four single-track tunnels were bored under the East River from Queens to Manhattan, linking the Long Island Rail Road, now under PRR control, to the new station. Sunnyside Yard in Queens would be the place where trains were maintained and assembled.
The tunnel technology was so new and innovative that the PRR shipped an actual 23 foot diameter section of the new East River Tunnel to the Jamestown Exposition at Sewell's Point on Hampton Roads, near Norfolk, Virginia in 1907 to celebrate the 300th anniversary of the founding of the Jamestown Settlement. The same tube, with an inscription that it had been displayed at the Exposition, was later installed under water, and was still in use in 2004.
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