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The Perciformes, also called the Percomorphi or Acanthopteri, include about 40% of all fish and are the largest order of vertebrates. The name Perciformes means perch-like. They belong to the ray-finned fish and comprise over 7000 different species, with varying shapes and sizes, found in almost all aquatic environments. They first appeared and diversified in the late Cretaceous.
Perciform fish typically have dorsal and anal fins divided into anterior spiny and posterior soft-rayed portions, which may be partially or completely separated. There are usually pelvic fins with one spine and up to five soft rays, either positioned by the throat or under the belly. Scales are usually ctenoid in form, though sometimes they are cycloid or otherwise modified. Various other, more technical characters define the group.
Classification is controversial. As traditionally defined the Perciformes are almost certainly paraphyletic. Other orders that should possibly be included as suborders are the Scorpaeniformes, Tetraodontiformes, and Pleuronectiformes. Of the presently recognized suborders several may be paraphyletic as well.
1 Families
These are grouped by suborder/superfamily, generally following Fishes of the World.
- Suborder Percoidei
- Superfamily Percoidea
- Centropomidae ( snook s)
- Chandidae ( Asiatic glassfish es)
- Moronidae - Temperate bass es
- Percichthyidae - Temperate perches
- AcropomatidaeAcropoma Apogonops Doederleinia Malakichthys Neoscombrops Pseudohowella Synagrops Verilus Acropomatidae also known as the lanternbellies or the temperate ocean-basses is a family of perciform fish consisting of about 35 marine species. Members of Acropoma ( temperate ocean-bass es)
- SerranidaeAnthiinae Epinephelinae Groupers Grammistinae The Serranidae or serranids are a family of fish, belonging to the order Perciformes. There are many species of serranids, including the sea basses and the groupers ( subfamily Epinephelinae). They range in si ( sea bassSea bass is a name shared by a number of different species of fish: The Black sea bass Centropristis striata family Serranidae) is the common name of a species of fish whose range is eastern coast of the United States. This species is popular among recreaes, grouperGroupers : Animalia : Chordata : Actinopterygii : Perciformes : Serranidae subfamily Epiphelinae Genera Alphestes ''Anyperidon ''Cephalopholis ''Cromileptes ''Dermatolepis ''Epinephelus ''Gonioplectrus ''Gracila ''Mycteroperca ''Niphon ''Paranthias ''Plecs)
- Ostracoberycidae
- Callanthiidae
- Pseudochromidae ( dottyback s)
- Grammatidae ( basslet s)
- Plesiopidae
- Notograptidae
- Opistognathidae ( jawfish es)
- Dinopercidae
- Banjosidae
- CentrarchidaeAcantharchus Ambloplites Archoplites Centrarchus Enneacanthus Lepomis Micropterus Pomoxis The sunfishes are a family Centrarchidae of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the order Perciformes. The type genus is Centrarchus (consisting solely of the fl ( freshwater sunfishes)
- PercidaeAmmocrypta Crystallaria Etheostoma Gymnocephalus Perca Percarina Percina Romanichthys Sander Zingel The Percidae are a family of perciform fish found in fresh and brackish waters of the Northern Hemisphere. The family contains approximately 184 species in ( perches and darters)
- Priacanthidae ( bigeye s, catalufa s)
- Apogonidae ( cardinalfish es)
- Epigonidae ( deepwater cardinalfish es)
- Sillaginidae ( whitings et al)
- Malacanthidae - Tilefishes
- Lactariidae ( false trevallies )
- Dinolestidae ( long-finned pike )
- Pomatomidae ( bluefishes)
- Nematistiidae ( roosterfish )
- Echeneidae ( remoras)
- Rachycentridae ( cobia)
- Coryphaenidae ( dolphinfishes)
- Carangidae ( jack s, pompano s)
- Menidae ( moonfish )
- Leiognathidae ( ponyfish es)
- Bramidae ( pomfrets)
- Caristiidae ( manefish es)
- Emmelichthyidae ( rovers)
- Lutjanidae ( snappers, fusiliers)
- Lobotidae ( tripletails)
- Gerreidae ( mojarra s)
- Haemulidae ( grunt s)
- Inermiidae ( bonnetmouth s)
- Sparidae ( porgie s)
- Centracanthidae
- Lethrinidae
- Nemipteridae ( threadfin bream s)
- Polynemidae ( threadfins)
- Sciaenidae ( drums)
- Mullidae ( goatfishes)
- Pempheridae ( sweepers)
- Glaucosomatidae ( pearl perch es)
- Leptobramidae ( beachsalmon )
- Bathyclupeidae
- Monodactylidae ( moonfish es)
- Toxotidae ( archerfishes)
- Coracinidae ( galjoen fish es)
- Drepanidae
- Chaetodontidae ( butterflyfishes)
- Pomacanthidae ( angelfishes)
- Enoplosidae ( oldwife )
- Pentacerotidae ( armorhead s)
- Nandidae ( leaffish es)
- Kyphosidae ( sea chub s)
- Arripidae ( Australasian salmon)
- Teraponidae ( grunter s or tigerperch es)
- Kuhliidae ( flagtails or aholeholes)
- Oplegnathidae ( knifejaw s)
- Superfamily Cirrhitoidea
- Superfamily Cepoloidea
- Suborder Elassomatoidei
- Suborder Labroidei
- Suborder Zoarcoidei
- Suborder Notothenioidei
- Suborder Trachinoidei
- Chiasmodontidae
- Champsodontidae
- Pholidichthyidae ( convict blenny )
- Trichodontidae ( sandfish es)
- Pinguipedidae ( sandperch es)
- Cheimarrhichthyidae
- Trichonotidae ( sanddiver s)
- Creediidae ( sandburrower s)
- Percophidae ( duckbill s)
- Leptoscopidae
- Ammodytidae ( sand lance s)
- Trachinidae ( weeverfish es)
- Uranoscopidae ( stargazers)
- Suborder Blennioidei
- Suborder Icosteoidei
- Suborder Gobiesocoidei
- Gobiesocidae ( clingfish es)
- Suborder Callionymoidei
- Suborder Gobioidei
- Rhyacichthyidae ( loach gobies )
- Odontobutidae
- Eleotridae ( sleeper s)
- Gobiidae ( gobies)
- Kraemeriidae ( sandfish es or sand gobies )
- Xenisthmidae
- Microdesmidae ( wormfish es and dartfish es)
- Schindleriidae
- Suborder Kurtoidei
- Suborder Acanthuroidei
- Suborder Scombrolabracoidei
- Suborder Scombroidei
- Suborder Stromateoidei
- Amarsipidae
- Centrolophidae ( medusafish es)
- Nomeidae ( driftfish es)
- Ariommatidae
- Tetragonuridae ( squaretail s)
- Stromateidae ( butterfish es)
- Suborder Anabantoidei
- Suborder Channoidei