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Since 1991, a perfect game has been defined by Major League Baseball as a game in which a pitcher pitches a complete game victory that lasts a minimum of nine innings and in which no opposition player reaches first base. In short, the pitcher cannot allow any hits, walks, hit batters, or any other baserunners for any reason, even if they are thrown out trying for extra bases. By definition, such games must also be shutouts. Since the pitcher cannot control whether or not his teammates commit any errors, the pitcher must be backed up by a solid defense to pitch a perfect game. However, an error which does not allow a baserunner, such as a misplayed foul ball, may occur in a perfect game.

Several games have, heartbreakingly, not qualified under this revised definition. Several shortened games featured no baserunners by one team, and there have been two games in which a team reached first base only in extra innings.

A perfect game is widely regarded as the pinnacle of pitching performance, and is one of the most difficult achievements in baseball or indeed any sport. It is the masterpiece of a pitcher's career and, in Major League Baseball, places that pitcher in exceptionally elite company. In fact, it is so rare (and difficult) that luck, as much as skill, plays an enormous role; there have been many great pitchers who have never pitched a perfect game and a few otherwise forgettable pitchers who have. Over the past 129 years of Major League Baseball history, there have only been 17 perfect games; the two from the 19th century, at a time when the pitching distance was only 45 feet, are often not included in lists.

1 Major League Baseball perfect games

1.1 19th century

Pitcher, Age Date Game
John Lee Richmond (Wor), 37 June 12, 1880
  • Cleveland Blues, 0 at Worcester WorcestersThe Worcesters was a 19th century Major League Baseball team. They played just two years in the National League. Contrary to many reports, the team had no nickname, playing merely as the "Worcesters". There are no contemporary accounts referring to them a, 1
  • Venue: Worcester Agricultural FairgroundsThe Worcester Agricultural Fairgrounds was a plot of land of 20 acres (80,000 mē) in Worcester, Massachusetts in the 19th Century. It was the home of a horse trotting track and an agricultural fair, but it is best remembered for being the ballpark of Majo
Monte WardGoodwin & Company baseball card (Old Judge (N172)). John Montgomery Ward ( March 3, 1860 March 4, 1925) was a 19th century Major League Baseball star pitcher, shortstop and manager. Born in Bellefonte, Pennsylvania, Ward entered the National League with t (Prov), 37 June 17June 17 is the 168th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (169th in leap years), with 197 days remaining. Events 1497 Battle of Deptford Bridge Forces under King Henry VII soundly defeat troops led by Michael An Gof. 1565 Matsunaga Hisahide assasinat, 1880
  • Providence GraysBaseball teams The Providence Grays were a 19th century baseball team. The team was based in Providence, Rhode Island. They were a member of the National League from 1878 to 1885. They won the National League championship in 1879 and 1884. The team may ha, 5 vs. Buffalo BisonsThe Buffalo Bisons are a minor league baseball team based in Buffalo, New York. The team, which plays in the International League, is the Triple-A affiliate of the Cleveland Indians major-league club. The Bisons play in Dunn Tire Park stadium, located in, 0


1.2 Modern era


Pitcher, Age Date Game
Cy YoungDenton True Young ( March 29, 1867 November 4, 1955) was the pre-eminent baseball pitcher during the 1890s and 1900s. His nickname "Cy" is either short for "Cyclone" (since barns and fences supposedly showed cyclonic damage after encountering one of his p (Bos), 37 May 5May 5 is the 125th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (126th in leap years). There are 240 days remaining. There are usually 92 days in Spring. We are considered halfway through Spring on May 5. Events 1640 King Charles I of England disbands the Sh, 1904
Addie Joss (Cle), 28,
  74 pitches 		October 2, 1908
Charlie Robertson (Chi), 26,
  90 pitches 		April 30, 1922
Don Larsen (NY), 27,
  97 pitches 		October 8, 1956
Jim Bunning (Phi), 32,
  90 pitches 		June 21, 1964
Sandy Koufax (LA), 29,
  113 pitches 		September 9, 1965
Catfish Hunter (Oak), 22,
  107 pitches 		May 8, 1968
Len Barker (Cle), 25,
  103 pitches 		May 15, 1981
Mike Witt (Cal), 24,
  94 pitches 		September 30, 1984
Tom Browning (Cin), 28,
  102 pitches 		September 16, 1988
Dennis Martinez (Mon), 36,
  95 pitches 		July 28, 1991
Kenny Rogers (Tex), 29,
  98 pitches 		July 28, 1994
David Wells (NY), 34,
  120 pitches 		May 17, 1998
David Cone (NY), 36,
  88 pitches 		July 18, 1999
Randy Johnson (Ari), 40,
  117 pitches 		May 18, 2004


Notes:

  1. Larsen pitched the first and only post-season no-hitter (and perfect game, too) in Game 5 of the 1956 World Series.
  2. The first two perfect games occurred when pitching was underhanded (the hand could not rise above the belt), from 45 feet away from home plate, 8 balls were required for a walk, hitters could direct a high or low ball, and so on. They were fundamentally different than the rest of those listed and their place in this list is widely debated; changes in the rules since Cy Young's perfect game have been of much less significance.
  3. Cy Young's perfect game was part of a hitless innings streak (24 straight and still(!) a record) and a scoreless innings streak (45 straight, no longer a record).
  4. The Boston Americans (or Pilgrims or any of several other names used by sportwriters) became the Red Sox when John I Taylor chose the name after the Boston Nationals dropped the red stockings from their uniforms; the Huntington Avenue Grounds became the home of the Boston Braves and the Red Sox moved to Fenway Park when it was finished in 1911. The Cleveland Naps (so-called after they acquired Napoleon Lajoie) finally settled on 'Indians' for a name.


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