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| National Motto: Libertad y Orden ( Spanish: "Liberty and Order") | |||||
| Official languages | Spanish, Quechua, Aymará | ||||
| Capital | Lima | ||||
| Largest city | Lima | ||||
| President | Alejandro Toledo Manrique | ||||
| Prime Minister | Carlos Ferrero Costa | ||||
| Area - Total - % water | 1,285,220 km² 8.80% | ||||
| Population - Total ( 2002) - Density | 28,409,897 22/km² | ||||
| Independence - Declared | From Spain July 28, 1821 | ||||
| Currency | Nuevo Sol (S/.) | ||||
| Time zone | UTC -5 | ||||
| National anthem | " Somos libres, seámoslo siempre" | ||||
| Internet TLD | .pe | ||||
| Calling Code | 51 | ||||
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Main article: History of Peru
Before the Spanish arrived, Peru was home to various Pre-Inca cultures and later, to the Inca Empire. Francisco Pizarro landed on the Peruvian coast in 1532, and by the end of the 1530Events June 25 Augsburg confession presented to Charles V of Holy Roman Empire. August 12 Florence is captured by Spanish troops under Prince Philibert of Orange. The Medici are restored in the person of the Pope's nephew Alessandro de Medici. Knights ofs Peru became a ViceroyA viceroy is somebody who governs a country or province as a substitute for the monarch. The term derives from the Latin prefix vice meaning "in the place of" and roi meaning king. A vicereine is a woman in a viceregal position, or a viceroy's wife. For ealty and a major source of gold and silver for the Spanish EmpireSpain was the center of one of the first global empires. The 16th and 17th centuries are sometimes called "the Golden Age of Spain" (in spanish, Siglo de Oro . Spain maintained its vast overseas empire until the 19th century. According to Henry Kamen, Spa. Peru declared its independence from Spain on July 28July 28 is the 209th day (210th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 156 days remaining. Events 1493 Great fire in Moscow 1540 One of the most important political figures of the reign of Henry VIII of England, Thomas Cromwell, is exe, 1821Events February 23 The Philadelphia College of Apothecaries founds the first pharmacy college. March 25 Greece declares its independence from the Ottoman Empire, beginning the Greek War of Independence. July 10 The United States takes possession of its ne. Between 1879 to 1883 Peru and Bolivia made an alliance and fought against Chile in the War of the PacificThe War of the Pacific was fought between Chile and the joint forces of Bolivia and Peru, from 1879 to 1884. Chile gained substantial mineral-rich territory in the conflict, leaving Bolivia a land-locked country. Origins The war grew out of a dispute betw.