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Diesel is a product used as a fuel in a diesel engine invented by Rudolf Diesel, and perfected by Charles F. Kettering.
One can obtain diesel from petroleum, which is called petrodiesel to distinguish it from diesel obtained from other sources. As a hydrocarbon mixture, it is obtained in the fractional distillation of crude oil between 250°C and 350°C at atmospheric pressure. Diesel is generally simpler to refine than gasoline and often costs less (though price fluctuations often mean that the inverse is true). However, diesel fuel often contains higher quantities of mineral compounds and sulfur. Emission standards in Europe have forced oil refineriesAn oil refinery is an industrial process plant where crude oil is processed and refined into useful petroleum products. Raw or unprocessed ("crude") oil is not very useful in the form it comes in out of the ground. It needs to be broken down into parts an to dramatically reduce the level of these impurities, resulting in a much cleaner-burning fuel that produces less sootSoot also called lampblack or carbon black is a dark powdery deposit of unburned fuel residues, usually composed mainly of amorphous carbon, that accumulates in chimneys and other surfaces exposed to smoke—especially from the combustion of carbon-rich org. The United StatesThe United States of America also referred to as the United States U. America ¹ or the States is a federal republic in central North America, stretching from the Atlantic in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west. It shares land borders with Canada in has worked to reduce the emissions from gasoline-powered vehicles in the last few decades, but diesel engines have not been regulated as heavily. Diesel fuel in the U.S. is generally much less pure than European diesel, though the transition to ultra-low sulfur diesel (ULSD) will begin in 2006.
Reducing the level of sulfur in diesel is better for the environment, and it allows the use of more advanced catalytic converterIn an automobile's exhaust system, a catalytic converter provides an environment for a chemical reaction where unburned hydrocarbons completely combust. Hence the combustion process continues but outside the engine combustion chamber where no useful energs to reduce emissions of oxideAn oxide is a chemical compound of oxygen with other chemical elements, e. rust ( iron oxide) or bauxite ( aluminium oxide). Oxides are extremely common in Earth's crust, and indeed in solid matter throughout the universe. Oxides are usually created throus of nitrogenNitrogen is the chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol N and atomic number 7. A common normally colorless, odorless, tasteless and mostly inert diatomic non-metal gas, nitrogen constitutes 78 percent of Earth's atmosphere and is a cons ( NOxNO is a generic term for the various oxides of nitrogen produced during combustion. They are believed to aggravate asthmatic conditions, react with the oxygen in the air to produce ozone, which is also an irritant and eventually form nitric acid when diss). However, this also reduces the lubricity of the fuel, meaning that additives must be put into the fuel to help lubricate engines.
Diesel contains approximately 18% more energy per unit of volume than gasoline, which along with the greater efficiency of diesel engines contributes to fuel economy (distance traveled per volume of fuel consumed).
In the Maritime field various grades of Diesel fuel are used from Gas Oil to Heavy Fuel Oil:
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